In medical school, I was taught to first ask patients about the symptoms that brought them in (i.e. chief complaint and review of systems). Instead, the approach of the infertility industry (also called Assisted Reproductive Technology or ART) often focuses on which cash-pay procedure the patient can afford. Here are the words many couples hear when they walk into an REI clinic (Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Specialist):
“You haven’t been able to get pregnant. Well, we could go straight to IVF or you could try IUI (intrauterine insemination) first to get a discounted rate on IVF.”
“Look at this chart of how your egg number is drastically declining with age.”
Urgency, fear of one’s inadequacy and need for a quick solution rush over the woman who has held one negative pregnancy test after another. The REI physician will likely explain the IVF procedure within a 30-minute appointment.
These couples who go with the program will soon be faced with discarding “poor quality” embryos and hearing about embryos dying in the petri dish. The doctor will need to decide how many embryos and on what days he will perform the embryo transfer in the procedure room. The husband is separated completely from the creation of the new life while the woman is alone in the procedure room. The couple will then need to decide to either freeze or destroy the extra embryos.
The high pregnancy complication rate is generally glossed over. The idea of the actual pregnancy seems intangible at that moment. The hard questions are forgotten. What if they get triplets? They risk losing all three babies. They may be advised to selectively reduce the pregnancy (aborting one child to decrease the risk of losing all three children).
But on the forefront of the woman’s mind as she walks into the clinic is the fear of the loss of the family she has dreamed of. She is wondering, “Why is this happening to me? Why am I failing at something that most, including me at one time, take for granted?”
My goal in this article is not to judge the couples who have used these methods, nor the intentions of some of the medical professionals involved. Instead, I want to educate you regarding the risks of this approach and the poor medical evidence for it, along with the possible risks of poor pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, I would like to offer a better treatment approach that treats the underlying cause of infertility, cooperates with the women’s natural reproductive system, and offers couples healing, both emotionally and physically.
What IVF does and doesn’t
Infertility is a symptom that there is something else medically wrong. The approach of IVF is to bypass the underlying cause of infertility.
IVF is done by overriding the body’s own hormones with high dose hormone injections, over- stimulating the ovaries (causing from mild discomfort to life threatening ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome), harvesting multiple eggs from the woman, and collecting the man’s semen after masturbation. The semen is spun down and the egg and sperm are combined out of the body (“in vitro”). The embryos are then inspected. If they meet criteria, one or multiple embryos are placed in the uterus of the woman. If the embryos don’t meet criteria, sometimes based on gender or eye color, they are discarded.
So, instead of implementing more medical treatment to fix the underlying cause of infertility, IVF circumvents this step. The cause of infertility (for example, endometriosis) often causes other issues, such as inflammation and low hormones. Chronic inflammation and inflammatory markers or low progesterone can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage and preterm birth. The IVF procedure itself doesn’t treat these problems.
It is also well known in the medical community that pregnancy complications are increased with IVF, from preeclampsia to ectopic pregnancy and multiple gestations to gestational diabetes. It can even increase the incidence of hysterectomy at time of delivery.
Babies conceived via IVF are more likely to be stillborn, born too early, have low birthweight, and not grow properly (intrauterine growth restriction). Women with infertility struggle not only physically but emotionally. Setting them or their babies up for a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, to me, is heartbreaking.
What IVF does to women (and couples)
A couple I know spent over $200,000 on IVF. Round after round failed. They are still getting bills to this day. They have no baby. They have no money left for adoption.
Take Jessica Hepburn. Now a well-known activist, she lost her sanity and her marriage to 11 cycles of IVF. She ended up with six pregnancy losses. She even had a life-threatening ectopic pregnancy. She also refinanced her mortgage and went into massive debt spending tens of thousands of dollars. If couples end up spending all of their life savings, it had better be a proven system.
These women are desperate. They are willing to shell out enormous sums (Forbes estimates $15,000-$20,000 per cycle) for a chance to hold a child in their arms. Oftentimes, patients do not know the numbers. The actual success rates are not widely known.
What does the medical evidence suggest?
Since IVF’s inception in 1978, there has been time and money for research. Since then, the improvement in live birth rate per cycle has gone from 22.3% in 1995, 33% in 2003, and 31% in 2015, according to CDC data. Every IVF clinic is mandated to report to the CDC.
I went to a trusted source in medicine for further research studies. Cochrane is “an international network with headquarters in the UK, a registered not-for-profit organization, and a member of the UK National Council for Voluntary Organizations. Cochrane produces systematic reviews, published in the Cochrane Library, to help people make informed health decisions.” Systematic reviews “are a way of reviewing all the data and results from research about a particular question in a standardized, systematic way.”
The Cochrane database relies on high quality evidence, such as randomized control trials or RCTs. RCTs represent the gold standard in developing clinical evidence, especially in this day and age focused on providing “evidence based medicine.”
Cochrane reports that one-third of infertile couples have “no identifiable cause for their inability to conceive.” They explain that IVF “is a widely accepted treatment,” but one that is “invasive and expensive and is associated with risks.”
Cochrane Database reports that, in women with unexplained infertility, “IVF may be associated with higher live birth rates than expectant management, but there is insufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions.” “Expectant management” means literally doing nothing compared to IVF. That means the studies fail to find an improvement with IVF as compared to no treatment at all.
What about diagnosed infertility? I looked for randomized control trials on IVF for PCOS and endometriosis, some of the most common causes of infertility. I found none.
What about male infertility? A 2016 systematic review in the Cochrane database compared regular timed intercourse using an ovulation prediction kit, IUI (intrauterine insemination), IVF and ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection). They reported “no evidence” of a difference in live birth or pregnancy rates between treatments. There were 10 randomized controlled trials and 757 patients studied, but “the quality of the evidence was low or very low for all comparisons,” primarily due to “failure to describe study methods, serious imprecision and inconsistency.” The authors wrote, “We found insufficient evidence to determine whether there was any difference in safety and effectiveness between different treatments for male subfertility.”
Again, this study shows regular timed intercourse with an ovulation prediction kit is equal to IVF, IUI, or ICSI (where the sperm is injected directly into the egg instead of floating in a dish as with IVF)[i].
Most women are not getting help
In the US, between 2015 and 2019, 8.5% of married women aged 15-49 were infertile, according to the CDC. During that same timeframe, 2.2% of all women aged 15-49 reported having ever undergone artificial insemination (1.7%) or IVF (0.5%).
These numbers demonstrate that a significant population of women don’t have access to IVF, perhaps due to the high costs, fear of the invasiveness or side effects, or moral opposition to sacrificing their own embryos for a chance of pregnancy. As a medical profession, we need to do more. And we can.
The NaProTechnology answer.
NaProTechnology simply uses modern medicine to find the cause of infertility and treat it, instead of bypassing that process. Over 1400 medical scholarly articles are the foundation the system’s textbook, The Medical & Surgical Practice of NaProTECHNOLOGY.
NaProTechnology works by diagnosing and treating ovulation defects that are completely ignored by IVF. NaProTechnology has developed surgical techniques to fix endometriosis surgically with excellent results published in the Journal of Gynecologic Surgery in 2010: “Near Adhesion-Free Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery: Three Distinct Phases of Progress Over 23 Years.”
Even if women don’t get pregnant, nearly every patient achieves an improvement in her health in the process whether it be pelvic pain from endometriosis, PMS from a hormone deficiency, or the closest thing we have to a cure of PCOS with a wedge resection surgery. If a couple does get pregnant, they don’t face as many complications of high risk pregnancies from IVF, aren’t told their embryos are dying in a petri dish, nor risk increased chances of birth defects or watching their triplets die after delivering early at 22 weeks, as I have seen as results of IVF pregnancies. If it’s their desire, a couple will be more likely to still have money left to adopt after NaProTechnology treatments.
Even if they have suffered through failed IVF cycles, I don’t want another woman to suffer but heal emotionally and physically with the breakthroughs of NaProTechnology.
This article was last updated on Oct 24, 2024, to include updated statistics and references.
[i] I looked for an explanation from IVF providers for the lack of substantive evidence to support the invasive and expensive treatment. The Center for Human Reproduction, a self-described leading IVF clinic in New York, admits that “reproductive medicine and infertility require a logical reassessment of need and utilization of RCTs.” They acknowledge that the expense of such research should be reserved for “high risk and high cost treatments.”
So, the unspecified author representing the Center for Human Reproduction asks, “Why Are Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) Rare in Infertility?” The author defends the lack of research as defensible in the declining infertility of women undergoing fertility treatments as in emergency expedited treatment of the Ebola outbreak.
I hardly can follow the author’s defense. Comparing an imminent public health threat and disease potentially wiping out thousands of people is a completely different story from a woman’s immense internal suffering with IVF, as terrible as that may be for that woman.
Your article is good, but it has some errors perhaps due to lack of familiarity with IVF. The couple goes together in the treatment room (not the woman alone) and sperm does not have to be obtained through masterbation… it’s also obtained through normal marital intercourse, with a special perforated condom. I believe this is the identical method Naprotechnology uses to obtain sperm to test for male infertility yes? This method is common in IVF clinics that serve communities of orthodox or conservative Jews. There are actually Jewish officials all around the world whose job it is to also be present at the IVF procedures to provide religious oversight for each couple.
That being said your overall point is that the stats for IVF aren’t all that good compared to expectant management. Is there a study that compares Naprotechnology to expectant management of unexplained infertility?
I do appreciate the doctor who says infertility is an emergency. Especially in communities where procreation is so important, for instance Catholics are still taught that childbearing is not the only, but the primary purpose of marriage, the pope said it is their “mission and duty” to have a baby. And for Jews it’s grounds for a man to divorce his wife after 10 years of struggle, for he too has a duty to procreate although at least the woman doesn’t. Couples who don’t produce kids in these situations who really take the teachings onboard are in for intolerable torment.
Hi Susan, thanks for your input, I think clarity on all these fine details is very important! I’m a Catholic married woman and I just wanted to clear up that Catholic couples who face infertility are not required to seek a solution or even to adopt. A Catholic marriage is not invalid if a couple does not bare or adopt a child. There may have been popes who encouraged couples to have children, but it isn’t the “mission and duty” for couples to do everything in their power to conceive. A more accurate description would be that it is a Catholic married couple’s “mission and duty” not to suppress fertility, and in the case of infertility to prayerfully discern medical treatment and/or adoption.