{"id":19723,"date":"2024-03-07T19:12:41","date_gmt":"2024-03-08T01:12:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/birth-control-cause-infertility\/"},"modified":"2024-04-17T20:55:52","modified_gmt":"2024-04-18T01:55:52","slug":"%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b7%d0%b0%d1%87%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%be%d1%87%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5-%d1%81%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d0%b2%d1%8b%d0%b7%d1%8b%d0%b2%d0%b0%d1%8e%d1%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/ru\/birth-control-cause-infertility\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0435?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Between 2017 and 2019, over 10 million U.S. women of reproductive age were on the Pill. Over 7.5 million were using an IUD or arm implant, according to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/fastats\/contraceptive.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)<\/a>. Many of these women started taking hormonal birth control much earlier than their mothers and grandmothers did, and they\u2019re staying on it for years\u2014even decades\u2014 on end. In the context of a major uptick in the number of women struggling to get pregnant (the CDC estimates that 1 in 5 women trying to conceive for the first time are unable to get pregnant despite trying for a year), some may wonder: could the two be connected? Could hormonal birth control\u2014 be it the Pill, the shot, the patch, or the vaginal ring\u2014 cause or contribute to infertility?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-medical-sources-often-claim-that-birth-control-can-t-cause-infertility\"><span id=\"medical-sources-often-claim-that-birth-control-cant-cause-infertility\">Medical sources often claim that birth control can\u2019t cause infertility<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Some medical sources like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6055351\/#:~:text=Contraceptive%20use%20regardless%20of%20its,doesn't%20significantly%20delay%20fertility.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">this research study<\/a> reassure women \u201cContraceptive use regardless of its duration and type does not have a negative effect on the ability of women to conceive following termination of use and it doesn&#8217;t significantly delay fertility.\u201d And popular health websites like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/birth-control\/can-birth-control-cause-infertility#short-answer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Healthline<\/a> (which cites the research study above) insist, \u201chormonal contraceptives don\u2019t cause infertility, no matter which method you use or how long you\u2019ve been using it.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But there\u2019s reason to believe this answer may be overly simplistic. Conception requires sperm, an egg, and good quality cervical mucus. Healthy ovaries are necessary both for the release of mature eggs (via <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/fam-basics-what-is-ovulation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ovulation<\/a>) and for production of stretchy <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/fam-basics-what-is-cervical-mucus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cervical mucus<\/a> capable of guiding sperm to an egg.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Research suggests that hormonal birth control can both negatively impact cervical mucus quality<em> and<\/em> speed up the normal process of ovarian aging by decreasing egg quality and quantity. Indirectly, then, birth control use\u2014especially long-term\u2014could possibly contribute to infertility.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-ovarian-reserve-and-how-is-it-connected-to-fertility-nbsp\"><span id=\"what-is-ovarian-reserve-and-how-is-it-connected-to-fertility\">What is ovarian reserve and how is it connected to fertility?&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ovarian reserve<\/em> is an indirect indicator of fertility. <em>Ovarian reserve<\/em> is the ovaries\u2019 ability to produce mature eggs that could potentially be fertilized. You may have heard that a woman is born with all the eggs she\u2019ll ever make in her life. This is true. All the eggs your body has ever made were created while you were still in utero. This means that the egg that joins with a sperm to become your baby was produced while you were still growing inside your mother\u2019s (and your baby\u2019s grandmother\u2019s) womb!&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But the eggs in your ovaries are immature and each one is contained within a microscopic, dormant follicle (picture a follicle like a dormant incubator capable of maturing a single egg). If you\u2019re not on birth control, your body naturally selects one follicle to mature each month, and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) kickstarts this process. Ovulation is the monthly release process of (usually) just one mature egg from a follicle. If this mature egg is fertilized by sperm, new human life results.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The amount of eggs capable of maturing naturally decreases as a woman ages, and when the egg count hits zero, the woman is in menopause. The <em>ovarian reserve<\/em>, then, is <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/what-low-ovarian-reserve-means-for-your-fertility\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">expected to decrease<\/a> over time. We generally see evidence of this in decreased rates of fertility, which can start as early as a woman\u2019s mid- to late-30s.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-do-we-measure-ovarian-reserve-nbsp\"><span id=\"how-do-we-measure-ovarian-reserve\">How do we measure ovarian reserve?&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are three main ways to measure ovarian reserve, and two of them require an ultrasound (or a series of ultrasounds to compare results over a period of time) [1]. The three markers are anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), and ovary volume. As discussed above, an egg matures inside a follicle, and follicles produce AMH. AMH levels, then, give an idea of how many eggs-inside-follicles remain in the ovaries. AFC is a count of how many immature follicles a woman has, and together with ovary volume (size), can be measured by ultrasound.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One other indicator of ovarian reserve is a blood draw to check a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level. More on this below.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-do-we-know-the-ovaries-are-or-might-be-aging-prematurely-nbsp\"><span id=\"how-do-we-know-the-ovaries-are-or-might-be-aging-prematurely\">How do we know the ovaries are or might be \u201caging\u201d prematurely?&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A woman\u2019s ovaries could prematurely age\u2014 meaning that her <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/what-low-ovarian-reserve-means-for-your-fertility\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ovarian reserve is low<\/a> compared to what\u2019s expected based on her age\u2014 in one or both of two ways. Prematurely aged ovaries mean that egg quality and\/or quantity may be lower than expected for her age range, or cervical mucus quality is be poor.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Signs of low egg quantity include a small ovary, low AFC on ultrasound, or a high FSH level in the blood (or some combination of the three) [2]. Elevated FSH levels occur when smaller amounts of FSH released by the pituitary gland in the brain are no longer adequate enough to stimulate a follicle to develop. The body recognizes that higher and higher amounts are needed to achieve the desired effect of follicle maturation, and releases it accordingly.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-much-might-hormonal-birth-control-prematurely-age-the-ovaries-and-impair-fertility\"><span id=\"how-much-might-hormonal-birth-control-prematurely-age-the-ovaries-and-impair-fertility\">How much might hormonal birth control prematurely age the ovaries and impair fertility?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Hormonal birth control overrides the female body\u2019s natural menstrual cycle and stops it from happening altogether. What effect might this disruption of normal, cyclical, hormonal influence on the ovaries have? Even though birth control stops your cycle, it <em>doesn&#8217;t <\/em>slow down or stop the normal egg loss that occurs to aging. And even though medical websites like Cleveland Clinic don\u2019t <a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/23975-diminished-ovarian-reserve\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">mention<\/a> it, studies show that HBC use could actively decrease ovarian reserve.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to a 2015 <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26311148\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">study<\/a>, \u201c[Oral contraception] has a major impact on the ovarian volume, and a moderate impact on AFC and AMH\u201d [3]. Ovarian volume was reduced by a full 50% in women who used the Pill compared to women who weren\u2019t on hormonal birth control (HBC).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In a 2020 <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31852271\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">study<\/a>, the Pill (combined synthetic estrogen and progestin), progestin-only Pill, and the Levonorgestrel-IUD all decreased AFC and AMH levels. Users of the Pill had the biggest decreases in AFC (31.3% lower counts than non-HBC users), and AMH (31.1% lower levels than non-HBC users).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, in a 2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35698127\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">meta-analysis<\/a>, AMH levels decreased in oral contraceptive users as early as three months after starting the Pill.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, HBC use may also lead to <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/pill-cause-infertility-yes-no\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cervical mucus changes<\/a> consistent with more infertile-type mucus, according to this 2023 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1167504\/full#B42\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">study<\/a> [1].&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-bottom-line-on-hormonal-birth-control-use-and-infertility\"><span id=\"the-bottom-line-on-hormonal-birth-control-use-and-infertility\">The bottom line on hormonal birth control use and infertility<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s true that conception only requires adequate cervical mucus for one sperm to reach <em>one<\/em> egg. But we know that decreased ovarian reserve translates to decreased fertility, and we know that hormonal birth control use can decrease ovarian reserve according to multiple parameters. Once decreased, ovarian reserve cannot be increased. Once the eggs are gone, they\u2019re gone. Women who take HBC deserve to know about the possibility that their current contraceptive choice may impact their future childbearing. So does hormonal birth control \u201ccause\u201d infertility? Not exactly. But it certainly could contribute by prematurely aging the ovaries.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>References:<\/p>\n\n\n\n[1] Segarra, Ignacio et al. \u201cWomen&#8217;s health, hormonal balance, and personal autonomy.\u201d <em>Frontiers in medicine<\/em> vol. 10 1167504. 30 Jun. 2023, doi:10.3389\/fmed.2023.1167504<\/p>\n\n\n\n[2] Kelsey TW, Wallace WH. Ovarian volume correlates strongly with the number of nongrowing follicles in the human ovary. Obstet Gynecol Int. 2012;2012:305025. doi: 10.1155\/2012\/305025. Epub 2012 Feb 12. PMID: 22496698; PMCID: PMC3306948.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[3] Birch Petersen, K et al. \u201cOvarian reserve assessment in users of oral contraception seeking fertility advice on their reproductive lifespan.\u201d <em>Human reproduction (Oxford, England)<\/em> vol. 30,10 (2015): 2364-75. doi:10.1093\/humrep\/dev197<\/p>\n\n\n\n[4] Landersoe, Selma Kloeve et al. \u201cOvarian reserve markers in women using various hormonal contraceptives.\u201d <em>The European journal of contraception &amp; reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception<\/em> vol. 25,1 (2020): 65-71. doi:10.1080\/13625187.2019.1702158[5] Yin, Wei-Wei et al. \u201cThe effect of medication on serum anti-m\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) levels in women of reproductive age: a meta-analysis.\u201d <em>BMC endocrine disorders<\/em> vol. 22,1 158. 14 Jun. 2022, doi:10.1186\/s12902-022-01065-9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u044f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432","protected":false},"author":85,"featured_media":19724,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5183,5550,5260,5368,5390],"tags":[5554,4072],"class_list":{"0":"post-19723","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-birth-control-issues","8":"category-birth-control-side-effects","9":"category-general-health-risks","10":"category-infertility","11":"category-trying-to-concieve","12":"tag-birth-control-infertility","13":"tag-infertility","14":"cs-entry","15":"cs-video-wrap"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Can birth control cause infertility? -Natural Womanhood<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Experts say birth control doesn&#039;t cause infertility. 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