{"id":18709,"date":"2023-11-29T14:51:03","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T20:51:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/?p=18709"},"modified":"2024-03-06T14:53:22","modified_gmt":"2024-03-06T20:53:22","slug":"%d1%81%d0%bf%d0%be%d1%80%d1%82-%d0%b8-%d0%b6%d0%b5%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b5-%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb%d0%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/ru\/sports-and-the-female-body\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e: \u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443 TIME, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c I"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After the United States Women\u2019s National soccer team won the 2019 World Cup, coach Dawn Scott discussed a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.si.com\/soccer\/2023\/07\/21\/dawn-scott-periods-washington-spirit-uswnt-womes-world-cup\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">key strategy<\/a> that helped lead her team to victory. It wasn\u2019t specific practice plays or a special diet. It was the simple action of <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/world-cup-soccor-champion-us-womens-national-team-period-tracking-to-optimize-performance-2019\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tracking her players\u2019 cycles<\/a>.&nbsp;She had begun to notice that her players needed longer recovery times and felt more fatigued around the beginning of their periods. As a result, she decided to take a more tailored <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/cycle-syncing-how-to-hack-the-natural-hormonal-shifts-of-your-cycle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">approach to workouts and nutrition based on their cycle phases<\/a>. Plans were individually curated for each player, and Scott believes that their cycle-based system ultimately helped them win the World Cup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scott\u2019s idea for the US Women\u2019s National team reveals a truth that is often forgotten in modern sports: women\u2019s bodies are inherently different from men\u2019s bodies. Author and award-winning runner Lauren Fleshman recently wrote an <a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/6261404\/sports-female-body-inclusivity\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">article<\/a> for <em>TIME Magazine<\/em> discussing why she believes sports were never designed for the female body. In this article, I\u2019ll engage Fleshman\u2019s arguments, the research surrounding sports and the female body, and weigh in on whether birth control (or US Women\u2019s National team-style cycle tracking) might be an answer for some of the issues female athletes face.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-time-magazine-sports-weren-t-designed-for-the-female-body-because-they-require-female-athletes-to-fight-their-body-s-natural-development\"><span id=\"time-magazine-sports-werent-designed-for-the-female-body-because-they-require-female-athletes-to-fight-their-bodys-natural-development\"><em>TIME Magazine<\/em>: Sports weren&#8217;t designed for the female body because they require female athletes to \u201cfight their body\u2019s natural development\u201d<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In her <em>TIME <\/em>article, Fleshman describes how adolescent girls experience a temporary dip in their athletic performance when they begin puberty. This occurs because their bodies shift energy towards sexual development during this crucial period. Adolescent boys do not experience this same dip, and also do not have the natural \u201csoftness\u201d that a girl going through puberty can expect to develop.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fleshman\u2019s main focus is the long-term health effects of treating women like men in the sports arena, expecting their bodies to be on the same steady trajectory that is typical of male athletes. Her concerns, especially about RED-S and eating disorders, are valid ones that have the potential to affect a woman well into her later years if she gets <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28886822\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">osteoporosis<\/a> or similar bone issues as she ages [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-unrealistic-body-fat-percentage-goals\"><span id=\"unrealistic-body-fat-percentage-goals\">Unrealistic body fat percentage goals<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These differences lead many girls in athletics to think that they must have the body fat percentages of a boy. Fleshman observes that some coaches share this view. In fact, the majority of young female athletes say they are dissatisfied with their weight, with 90% of these girls believing they are overweight by an average of 13.6 pounds. This toxic mindset has led 35% of female collegiate athletes to be at risk for <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19254889\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">anorexia<\/a> [2]. Nearly double that figure are at risk for bulimia [2].&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-red-s\"><span id=\"red-s\">RED-S<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Having an unrealistic expectation of weight leads many girls (and women) to under-eat. This in turn causes RED-S (relative energy deficiency in sport). RED-S is <a href=\"https:\/\/answers.childrenshospital.org\/relative-energy-deficiency-red-s\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">defined<\/a> as decreasing levels of health and athletic performance when an athlete is not properly nourished and energized by the food he or she is consuming. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1538544222001110#:~:text=A%202021%20study%20of%20elite,%2C%20immunologic%2C%20and%20psychologic%20categories\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">80%<\/a> of female athletes who were screened for RED-S had at least one symptom, with many of these women experiencing <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/why-do-female-athletes-lose-their-period-exercise-induced-amenorrhea\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the loss of their periods<\/a> [3]. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>According to Fleshman, menstrual dysfunction is so common in sports that many coaches and professionals in the sports world see it as \u201ca \u2018normal\u2019 response to training despite an abundance of research demonstrating that a healthy hormonal cycle is absolutely essential\u201d.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-lasting-bone-mineral-density-deficits\"><span id=\"lasting-bone-mineral-density-deficits\">Lasting bone mineral density deficits<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fleshman goes on to describe how losing one\u2019s cycle can cause <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7605010\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">low bone mineral density<\/a> for women, especially if the menstrual dysfunction happens during the teenage years [4]. Female college athletes are subject to two or three times the amount of stress fractures of their male peers, and that rate only increases if they have RED-S. And lest anyone believe these issues can simply be resolved after a young woman ceases training competitively, in reality, bone mineral density issues and bone fractures can follow a woman for the <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28886822\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">rest of her life<\/a>, even when she is no longer playing sports competitively [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-bottom-line-on-whether-sports-were-designed-for-the-female-body\"><span id=\"the-bottom-line-on-whether-sports-were-designed-for-the-female-body\">The bottom line on whether sports were designed for the female body<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While modern sports were arguably not developed with the adolescent female body in mind, Fleshman didn&#8217;t call for the end of female sports. In <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/sports-respect-the-female-body\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Part II<\/a>, I cover her recommendations for how sports can respect the female body and add a few additional insights. And, yes, one of the pillars to the U.S. Women&#8217;s national soccer team&#8217;s success is part of the solution. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-references-nbsp\"><span id=\"references\">References:&nbsp;<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[1 MacKnight, John M. \u201cOsteopenia and Osteoporosis in Female Athletes.\u201d <em>Clinics in sports medicine<\/em> vol. 36,4 (2017): 687-702. doi:10.1016\/j.csm.2017.05.006<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[2] Greenleaf, Christy et al. \u201cFemale collegiate athletes: prevalence of eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors.\u201d <em>Journal of American college health : J of ACH<\/em> vol. 57,5 (2009): 489-95. doi:10.3200\/JACH.57.5.489-496<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[3] Dave, Sona C, and Martin Fisher. \u201cRelative energy deficiency in sport (RED &#8211; S).\u201d <em>Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care<\/em> vol. 52,8 (2022): 101242. doi:10.1016\/j.cppeds.2022.101242<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[4] Skorseth P, Segovia N, Hastings K, Kraus E. Prevalence of Female Athlete Triad Risk Factors and Iron Supplementation Among High School Distance Runners: Results From a Triad Risk Screening Tool. Orthop J Sports Med. 2020 Oct 27;8(10):2325967120959725. doi: 10.1177\/2325967120959725. PMID: 33195716; PMCID: PMC7605010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additional Reading:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/cycle-syncing-how-to-hack-the-natural-hormonal-shifts-of-your-cycle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cycle Syncing: How to hack the natural hormonal shifts of your menstrual cycle<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u044e\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043a","protected":false},"author":106,"featured_media":18711,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5392,5177],"tags":[5493,4104],"class_list":["post-18709","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-fitness-and-nutrition","category-know-your-body","tag-fertility-awareness-around-the-world","tag-fertility-awareness-methods","cs-entry","cs-video-wrap"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.9 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