{"id":2717,"date":"2019-07-10T12:44:29","date_gmt":"2019-07-10T16:44:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/natural-womanhood.local\/?p=2717"},"modified":"2024-05-18T12:59:18","modified_gmt":"2024-05-18T17:59:18","slug":"maladie-de-la-vesicule-biliaire-femmes-contraception-hormonale-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/fr\/gallbladder-disease-women-hormonal-birth-control-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"La maladie de la v\u00e9sicule biliaire chez les femmes : Le lien avec la contraception hormonale"},"content":{"rendered":"

On estime que 25 millions d'Am\u00e9ricains sont touch\u00e9s par les calculs biliaires, et la grande majorit\u00e9 d'entre eux sont des femmes.<\/p>\n

Les calculs biliaires, qui se forment lorsqu'un exc\u00e8s de cholest\u00e9rol ou de bilirubine s'accumule dans la v\u00e9sicule biliaire et se cristallise, sont la cause la plus fr\u00e9quente de la maladie d'Alzheimer. maladie de la v\u00e9sicule biliaire<\/a>-Groupe de maladies affectant la v\u00e9sicule biliaire. Les calculs biliaires de cholest\u00e9rol sont plus fr\u00e9quents que ceux de bilirubine, souvent appel\u00e9s \"calculs pigmentaires\". Les calculs biliaires peuvent flotter librement dans la v\u00e9sicule biliaire et ne poser que peu ou pas de probl\u00e8me \u00e0 la personne concern\u00e9e. En fait, de nombreuses personnes atteintes de calculs biliaires peuvent n'ont aucune id\u00e9e<\/a> qu'ils en ont m\u00eame. Mais lorsqu'ils deviennent un probl\u00e8me (en provoquant des blocages dans les voies biliaires ou les intestins, ou en provoquant une inflammation et\/ou une infection de la v\u00e9sicule biliaire ou du pancr\u00e9as), ils peuvent entra\u00eener des effets secondaires graves, n\u00e9cessitant parfois l'ablation de la v\u00e9sicule biliaire elle-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n

Heureusement, les \u00eatres humains peuvent vivre sans leur v\u00e9sicule biliaire, qui sert de poche de transport pour la bile, un liquide digestif produit par le foie. La bile est lib\u00e9r\u00e9e de la v\u00e9sicule biliaire dans l'intestin gr\u00eale apr\u00e8s un repas et est n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la digestion des graisses, mais en l'absence de v\u00e9sicule biliaire, le foie continuera \u00e0 produire de la bile. Toutefois, certaines personnes d\u00e9pourvues de v\u00e9sicule biliaire peuvent souffrir d'une malabsorption des graisses. une augmentation des diarrh\u00e9es, surtout en cas de repas gras.<\/a> Si la vie continue apr\u00e8s l'ablation de la v\u00e9sicule biliaire, il peut \u00eatre n\u00e9cessaire de modifier le r\u00e9gime alimentaire et le mode de vie.<\/p>\n

Les ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents familiaux de calculs biliaires, l'\u00e2ge avanc\u00e9, l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, la perte de poids rapide et l'appartenance \u00e0 certains groupes ethniques (en particulier certains groupes am\u00e9rindiens) sont autant de facteurs susceptibles d'augmenter le risque.<\/p>\n

En outre, le simple fait d'\u00eatre une femme augmente les risques de calculs biliaires, car les femmes sont plus susceptibles d'en d\u00e9velopper que les hommes.<\/p>\n

Un probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 des femmes<\/h2>\n

On soup\u00e7onne que les hormones f\u00e9minines \u0153strog\u00e8ne et progest\u00e9rone pourraient expliquer en partie pourquoi les femmes sont plus susceptibles que les hommes de souffrir de calculs biliaires dus au cholest\u00e9rol. La v\u00e9sicule biliaire poss\u00e8de des r\u00e9cepteurs pour ces deux hormones, et toutes deux semblent avoir un effet unique sur la v\u00e9sicule biliaire, en particulier \u00e0 des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s. Les \u0153strog\u00e8nes peuvent provoquer augmentation de la saturation de la bile en cholest\u00e9rol<\/a>La progest\u00e9rone peut quant \u00e0 elle entra\u00eener une diminution de la motilit\u00e9 de la v\u00e9sicule biliaire. On soup\u00e7onne donc que l'augmentation des taux d'\u0153strog\u00e8nes et\/ou de progest\u00e9rone due \u00e0 la grossesse, aux contraceptifs hormonaux et au traitement hormonal substitutif (pour la m\u00e9nopause) rendent les femmes encore plus vuln\u00e9rables<\/a> de d\u00e9velopper des calculs biliaires.<\/p>\n

Les preuves du lien entre contraception hormonale et maladie de la v\u00e9sicule biliaire ont longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 mitig\u00e9es, et certains affirment que les nouvelles pr\u00e9parations de contraceptifs \u00e0 faible dose pr\u00e9sentent moins de risques de formation de calculs biliaires que les pr\u00e9parations plus anciennes \u00e0 dose plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e. Cependant, un \u00c9tude comparative de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 2011<\/a> sur le risque de maladie de la v\u00e9sicule biliaire associ\u00e9 aux contraceptifs hormonaux a conclu que m\u00eame les nouvelles formules de contraceptifs hormonaux comportaient un risque accru statistiquement significatif de d\u00e9veloppement d'une maladie de la v\u00e9sicule biliaire. L'\u00e9tude r\u00e9sume comme suit les d\u00e9cennies de donn\u00e9es concernant le risque accru de maladie de la v\u00e9sicule biliaire li\u00e9 \u00e0 l'utilisation de contraceptifs hormonaux :<\/p>\n

Des \u00e9tudes ont montr\u00e9 que l'utilisation \u00e0 long terme d'un contraceptif oral est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 un risque accru de maladie de la v\u00e9sicule biliaire par rapport \u00e0 l'absence d'utilisation. Une \u00e9tude de cohorte utilisant les donn\u00e9es de la Nurse's Health Study a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 une l\u00e9g\u00e8re augmentation du risque de calculs biliaires chez les femmes ayant utilis\u00e9 des contraceptifs oraux pendant 15 ans ou plus (RR 1,5, 95% CI 1,10-2,20). De m\u00eame, une m\u00e9ta-analyse de 26 \u00e9tudes d'observation a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 une augmentation de 36% du d\u00e9veloppement de la maladie de la v\u00e9sicule biliaire chez les femmes qui utilisaient des contraceptifs oraux par rapport \u00e0 celles qui ne prenaient pas ces m\u00e9dicaments. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les \u0153strog\u00e8nes et la progest\u00e9rone augmentent le risque de calculs biliaires. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les \u0153strog\u00e8nes augmentent la production de cholest\u00e9rol dans le foie, les quantit\u00e9s excessives se pr\u00e9cipitant dans la bile et conduisant \u00e0 la formation de calculs biliaires. La progest\u00e9rone diminue la motilit\u00e9 de la v\u00e9sicule biliaire, ce qui entrave l'\u00e9coulement de la bile et entra\u00eene la formation de calculs biliaires.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Bien entendu, la grossesse augmente \u00e9galement le risque de maladie de la v\u00e9sicule biliaire. Et comme le risque de d\u00e9velopper des calculs biliaires pendant la grossesse est le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 au cours des trois derniers mois (le troisi\u00e8me trimestre), les femmes qui ont eu plus de grossesses que les autres sont plus expos\u00e9es que les autres aux calculs biliaires. risque \u00e9lev\u00e9<\/a> de d\u00e9velopper des calculs biliaires. La consommation d'un un r\u00e9gime alimentaire sain et riche en fibres<\/a>, \u00e9tant un un poids sain avant la grossesse et ne pas perdre de poids trop rapidement apr\u00e8s l'accouchement <\/a>peut contribuer \u00e0 att\u00e9nuer le risque accru de formation de calculs biliaires associ\u00e9 \u00e0 la grossesse.<\/p>\n

Toutes ces informations peuvent donner l'impression d'un cercle vicieux, d'une situation perdante pour les femmes qui risquent de d\u00e9velopper des calculs biliaires, qu'elles essaient de retarder leur grossesse ou de tomber enceintes. Heureusement, l'utilisation de M\u00e9thodes de planification familiale fond\u00e9es sur la connaissance de la f\u00e9condit\u00e9<\/a> peut \u00e9liminer les risques de calculs biliaires li\u00e9s aux contraceptifs hormonaux, tout en permettant aux femmes d'utiliser en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et en toute tranquillit\u00e9 les contraceptifs hormonaux. planifier efficacement leur famille<\/a>. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la FABM, parfois appel\u00e9e planification familiale naturelle (PFN), les femmes n'ont pas \u00e0 supporter un risque accru de calculs biliaires, quels que soient leurs projets familiaux.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/i><\/p>\n

Etminan, Mahyar, et al. \"Contraceptifs oraux et risque de maladie de la v\u00e9sicule biliaire : \u00e9tude comparative de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/a>\u201d Journal de l'Association m\u00e9dicale canadienne <\/i>(17 mai 2011) 899-904. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3091897\/<\/i><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"On estime que 25 millions d'Am\u00e9ricains sont touch\u00e9s par les calculs biliaires, et la grande majorit\u00e9 d'entre eux sont des femmes. 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