{"id":22287,"date":"2025-02-20T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-20T14:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/?p=22287"},"modified":"2025-04-28T10:38:16","modified_gmt":"2025-04-28T15:38:16","slug":"sante-preconceptionnelle-du-pere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/fr\/dad-preconception-health\/","title":{"rendered":"L'impact de la sant\u00e9 pr\u00e9conceptionnelle du p\u00e8re sur le placenta et, en fin de compte, sur le b\u00e9b\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lorsque vous avez un nouveau b\u00e9b\u00e9, les gens ne peuvent pas s'en emp\u00eacher. <\/em>mais de commenter les personnes qu'il ou elle favorise. Il a le nez de sa m\u00e8re ! Les yeux de son p\u00e8re !<\/em> C'est magnifique de voir le reflet de la m\u00e8re et du p\u00e8re dans leur nouvelle cr\u00e9ation, surtout lorsque ces traits se refl\u00e8tent fortement. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plupart des gens savent que nos g\u00e8nes fonctionnent par paires ; les b\u00e9b\u00e9s h\u00e9ritent d'un jeu de g\u00e8nes de leur m\u00e8re et d'un autre de leur p\u00e8re. Nos g\u00e8nes d\u00e9terminent une multitude de choses : notre taille, la couleur de nos yeux, le risque de contracter certaines maladies, etc. Ils influencent m\u00eame nos capacit\u00e9s naturelles et notre personnalit\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui peut sembler moins \u00e9vident, en revanche, c'est la fa\u00e7on dont notre g\u00e9n\u00e9tique peut affecter la cr\u00e9ation de l'organe qui relie temporairement une m\u00e8re et son b\u00e9b\u00e9 : le placenta. M\u00eame si le placenta contient de l'ADN de sa m\u00e8re et de son p\u00e8re, l'ADN qui a le plus d'impact sur le c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l'embryon provient en fait de son p\u00e8re<\/em>. En fait, la sant\u00e9 du p\u00e8re - et son impact sur le r\u00f4le de ses g\u00e8nes dans la construction du placenta - a des effets en aval assez importants sur la sant\u00e9 de sa prog\u00e9niture, dont nous parlerons dans cet article. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment les g\u00e8nes du p\u00e8re construisent le placenta <\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A 2013 \u00e9tude<\/a> de l'universit\u00e9 de Cornell concernant les chevaux, les \u00e2nes et les mules recherch\u00e9e<\/a> le lien entre la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du p\u00e8re et le placenta. Bien que l'\u00e9tude n'ait pas port\u00e9 sur l'homme, elle a n\u00e9anmoins fourni des informations cruciales sur le d\u00e9veloppement et le fonctionnement des placentas chez tous les euth\u00e9riens (c'est-\u00e0-dire les mammif\u00e8res qui ont un placenta), dont l'homme fait partie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rappelons que le placenta est un organe plat, de forme ovale, qui nourrit le b\u00e9b\u00e9 en pleine croissance en lui apportant de l'oxyg\u00e8ne et des nutriments provenant de la m\u00e8re. Lorsque le b\u00e9b\u00e9 est au stade du blastocyste (tr\u00e8s, tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t dans son d\u00e9veloppement), il commence \u00e0 produire le placenta, qui contient l'ADN de la m\u00e8re et du p\u00e8re. Tandis que le mat\u00e9riel g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du b\u00e9b\u00e9 stimule le d\u00e9veloppement du placenta, les hormones de la m\u00e8re maintiennent l'\u00e9paisseur de la muqueuse ut\u00e9rine afin de maintenir la grossesse jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le placenta commence \u00e0 produire des \u0153strog\u00e8nes et de la progest\u00e9rone \u00e0 la fin du premier trimestre. Le placenta est ancr\u00e9 dans l'ut\u00e9rus de la m\u00e8re d'un c\u00f4t\u00e9 (c\u00f4t\u00e9 maternel) et attach\u00e9 au b\u00e9b\u00e9 par le cordon ombilical de l'autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 (c\u00f4t\u00e9 b\u00e9b\u00e9). Si vous avez eu le privil\u00e8ge d'assister \u00e0 un accouchement en personne, vous savez que le placenta ressemble beaucoup \u00e0 un \"arbre de vie\" avec tous les vaisseaux sanguins qu'il contient. Organe temporaire, le placenta aura approximativement la taille d'une assiette au moment de la naissance et (dans le cas d'un accouchement vaginal) sera expuls\u00e9 par le corps de la m\u00e8re peu de temps apr\u00e8s la naissance du b\u00e9b\u00e9.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre - et c'est le fait concernant le placenta qui est le plus pertinent pour le sujet de cet article - l'\u00e9tude de Cornell de 2013 mentionn\u00e9e ci-dessus a fait la d\u00e9couverte fascinante que la copie paternelle (c'est-\u00e0-dire la copie du p\u00e8re) des g\u00e8nes est favoris\u00e9e dans le placenta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'int\u00e9rieur du placenta, les g\u00e8nes de la m\u00e8re et du p\u00e8re se poussent et se tirent pour influencer la croissance du f\u0153tus. <\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Non seulement les g\u00e8nes du p\u00e8re construisent le placenta, mais ils \u00e9galement<\/em> affectent la communication hormonale du placenta avec la m\u00e8re et le b\u00e9b\u00e9. A 2022 \u00e9tude<\/a> de l'Universit\u00e9 de Cambridge ont d\u00e9couvert que l'un des g\u00e8nes contribuant \u00e0 la formation du placenta par les p\u00e8res s'appelle Igf2. Igf2 est connu pour \u00eatre un \" g\u00e8ne du placenta \", c'est-\u00e0-dire un \" g\u00e8ne du placenta \".g\u00e8ne gourmand<\/a>Les g\u00e8nes imprim\u00e9s et le placenta joueraient un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans ce domaine. \"Bien que la grossesse soit largement coop\u00e9rative, il existe un grand espace de conflit potentiel entre la m\u00e8re et le b\u00e9b\u00e9, les g\u00e8nes imprim\u00e9s et le placenta \u00e9tant suppos\u00e9s jouer un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Miguel Constancia, chercheur et co-auteur de l'\u00e9tude. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ainsi, alors que le g\u00e8ne paternel Igf2 augmente la quantit\u00e9 de nutriments achemin\u00e9s vers le f\u0153tus via le placenta, un autre g\u00e8ne du c\u00f4t\u00e9 maternel, l'Igf2, augmente la quantit\u00e9 de nutriments achemin\u00e9s vers le f\u0153tus via le placenta. freine des quatre fers<\/a>. La version maternelle du g\u00e8ne, appel\u00e9e Igf2r (le \"r\" signifiant r\u00e9cepteur), veille \u00e0 ce que les enfants qui ne sont pas en \u00e2ge de procr\u00e9er ne soient pas expos\u00e9s \u00e0 la maladie. aussi <\/em>le b\u00e9b\u00e9 re\u00e7oit une grande quantit\u00e9 de nutriments (ce qui le rendrait trop gros pour \u00eatre port\u00e9 et mis au monde). Id\u00e9alement, cette interaction g\u00e9n\u00e9tique cr\u00e9e une situation \"Boucles d'or\", dans laquelle les g\u00e8nes du p\u00e8re garantissent que le b\u00e9b\u00e9 est suffisamment grand pour survivre, tandis que les g\u00e8nes de la m\u00e8re garantissent que le b\u00e9b\u00e9 est suffisamment petit pour na\u00eetre en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comprendre le retard de croissance intra-ut\u00e9rin et le syndrome de Russell-Silver<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Une meilleure compr\u00e9hension de cette interaction pourrait permettre de mieux conna\u00eetre les situations dans lesquelles un probl\u00e8me survient au niveau de ces g\u00e8nes. Par exemple, les f\u0153tus peuvent devenir croissance limit\u00e9e<\/a> s'il y a des mutations g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques o\u00f9 le g\u00e8ne paternel Igf2 n'est pas pr\u00e9sent. C'est l'explication d'une maladie g\u00e9n\u00e9tique rare appel\u00e9e Syndrome de Russell-Silver<\/a>Cette maladie commence par un retard de croissance intra-ut\u00e9rin (RCIU) pendant la grossesse et se poursuit par des effets physiques tout au long de la vie dus \u00e0 l'absence d'une croissance ad\u00e9quate dans l'ut\u00e9rus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autres fa\u00e7ons dont la sant\u00e9 du p\u00e8re influe sur la sant\u00e9 de l'enfant<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Si un p\u00e8re ne peut pas contr\u00f4ler ses g\u00e8nes en soi, la science \u00e9mergente de l'\u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tique indique qu'un p\u00e8re peut avoir un r\u00f4le important dans la vie de sa famille. la sant\u00e9 physique du p\u00e8re<\/a> joue \u00e9galement un r\u00f4le crucial dans la d\u00e9termination de l'\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 de son enfant. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'intestin du p\u00e8re et la sant\u00e9 du b\u00e9b\u00e9<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Par exemple, certains recherche<\/a> sugg\u00e8re que le microbiome intestinal du p\u00e8re peut d\u00e9terminer la bonne croissance de son enfant et <\/em>la sant\u00e9 de la grossesse de la m\u00e8re, par le biais d'effets en aval sur le placenta. Les enfants n\u00e9s de p\u00e8res ayant une mauvaise sant\u00e9 intestinale peuvent eux-m\u00eames avoir des probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 en raison d'un placenta in utero qui n'est pas optimal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syndrome m\u00e9tabolique et accouchement pr\u00e9matur\u00e9 <\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En outre, dans un rapport de 2021 \u00e9tude<\/a>Les chercheurs ont constat\u00e9 que les enfants n\u00e9s de p\u00e8res ayant eu des probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 mentale \u00e9taient plus nombreux que les enfants n\u00e9s de p\u00e8res ayant eu des probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 physique. syndrome m\u00e9tabolique<\/a> (qui est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 des pathologies telles que le diab\u00e8te et les maladies cardiaques) avaient 19% de chances suppl\u00e9mentaires de na\u00eetre pr\u00e9matur\u00e9ment, 23% de chances suppl\u00e9mentaires d'avoir un faible poids \u00e0 la naissance et 28% de chances suppl\u00e9mentaires de devoir s\u00e9journer dans une unit\u00e9 de soins intensifs n\u00e9onatals apr\u00e8s la naissance. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

De bonnes nouvelles pour la sant\u00e9 avant <\/em>conception <\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les recherches susmentionn\u00e9es, qui \u00e9tablissent un lien entre la sant\u00e9 pr\u00e9conceptionnelle des m\u00e8res et l'\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 des nourrissons, co\u00efncident avec les recherches cit\u00e9es par De vrais aliments pour la fertilit\u00e9<\/em><\/a> <\/em>Lily Nichols et Lisa Hendrickson-Jack, qui affirment que la mauvaise qualit\u00e9 du sperme peut \u00eatre corrig\u00e9e par un r\u00e9gime alimentaire et un mode de vie plus sains, am\u00e9liorant ainsi les chances de conception. et <\/em>les r\u00e9sultats de la grossesse apr\u00e8s la conception. Elle s'inscrit \u00e9galement dans le prolongement d'autres recherches montrant que la sant\u00e9 paternelle a un impact sur le d\u00e9veloppement du placenta, en particulier sur la fa\u00e7on dont les enfants sont nourris. Le sperme du p\u00e8re peut avoir un impact sur le risque de pr\u00e9\u00e9clampsie de la m\u00e8re<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les m\u00eames modifications du r\u00e9gime alimentaire et du mode de vie qui sont recommand\u00e9es pour am\u00e9liorer la sant\u00e9 des futures mamans sont \u00e9galement applicables aux futurs papas. La r\u00e9duction de la consommation d'alcool, l'arr\u00eat du tabac, la pratique d'une activit\u00e9 physique d'intensit\u00e9 mod\u00e9r\u00e9e pendant au moins 30 minutes 5 fois par semaine et l'augmentation de la consommation de fruits et l\u00e9gumes \u00e0 un minimum de cinq portions par jour sont de bons points de d\u00e9part. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En r\u00e9sum\u00e9 : La sant\u00e9 du p\u00e8re avant la conception est aussi importante que celle de la m\u00e8re pour la sant\u00e9 du b\u00e9b\u00e9.<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Des recherches r\u00e9centes sur l'impact de la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du p\u00e8re sur la grossesse et la croissance de l'enfant ont mis en lumi\u00e8re des explications potentielles de certaines malformations cong\u00e9nitales ou de certains retards de croissance, et ont soulign\u00e9 le r\u00f4le important de la sant\u00e9 et de la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du p\u00e8re avant la conception pour la sant\u00e9 de ses futurs enfants. En clair, \u00e0 la fois<\/em> Les parents ont un r\u00f4le essentiel \u00e0 jouer pour aider leurs enfants \u00e0 \u00eatre en meilleure sant\u00e9 possible avant (et apr\u00e8s) la naissance !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces informations devraient inciter les futurs parents \u00e0 prendre leur propre sant\u00e9 au s\u00e9rieux, car elle est essentielle pour jeter les bases de la vie de leurs enfants. Dans les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir, de nouvelles recherches sur le placenta pourraient souligner le r\u00f4le important que jouent la sant\u00e9 et la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du p\u00e8re dans la construction d'un placenta sain, influen\u00e7ant ainsi la sant\u00e9 de ses enfants bien avant qu'il ne les rencontre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 jour le 22 f\u00e9vrier 2025 pour indiquer que le placenta est cr\u00e9\u00e9 par l'\u00eatre humain nouvellement con\u00e7u, et non par la m\u00e8re, et qu'il contient \u00e0 la fois de l'ADN maternel et de l'ADN paternel. <\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"La pouss\u00e9e et la traction des g\u00e8nes maternels et paternels","protected":false},"author":106,"featured_media":22288,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5185,5316],"tags":[6377,5471],"class_list":["post-22287","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-pregnancy-childbirth","category-trying-to-conceive","tag-placenta-health","tag-trying-to-conceive","cs-entry","cs-video-wrap"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDad's preconception health impacts the placenta-NW<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"We know Mom's prepregnancy health impacts her baby 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