{"id":18672,"date":"2023-11-17T11:02:08","date_gmt":"2023-11-17T17:02:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/?p=18672"},"modified":"2024-03-28T15:10:42","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T20:10:42","slug":"effets-secondaires-de-la-contraception-chez-les-adolescentes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/fr\/teen-birth-control-side-effects\/","title":{"rendered":"Les adolescents et le sexe : Pourquoi les risques et les effets secondaires de la contraception peuvent-ils \u00eatre particuli\u00e8rement n\u00e9fastes pour les adolescents ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Part 5 of a Natural Womanhood series on teen sex.&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to a 2017-2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/databriefs\/db388-H.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">survey<\/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), around a quarter of girls aged 15-19 are on some form of hormonal birth control, and the vast majority are on the Pill. This number has increased over time, despite the fact that <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/teen-sex-mental-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fewer teens are having sex<\/a> (or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.contemporarypediatrics.com\/view\/the-latest-on-teenage-contraceptive-options\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">getting pregnant<\/a>) now than ever before. Many girls choose to take birth control for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/many-teens-rely-on-the-pill\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">reasons other than preventing pregnancy<\/a>, such as for painful and irregular periods or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.massgeneral.org\/children\/acne\/starting-isotretinoin-for-acne-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">in order to take acne medication<\/a> like Accutane. But what these young women don\u2019t know could hurt them\u2014teens may be at higher risk than adult women of experiencing birth control side effects.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-side-effects-come-with-hormonal-birth-control\"><span id=\"what-side-effects-come-with-hormonal-birth-control\">What side effects come with hormonal birth control?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>No matter her age, any woman might experience the following side effects from hormonal birth control:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>decreased libido<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>skin rashes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>discoloration of the skin (melasma\/chloasma)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>changes in weight or appetite<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nausea, vomiting<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>migraines<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mood changes, including depression<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>aggravation of varicose veins<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gastrointestinal symptoms (pain, cramps, bloating)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>spotting<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vaginitis or yeast infections<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vitamin deficiencies<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>water retention<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vision impairment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>liver malfunction (jaundice)&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hormonal-birth-control-deprives-young-women-of-the-health-benefits-of-ovulation\"><span id=\"hormonal-birth-control-deprives-young-women-of-the-health-benefits-of-ovulation\">Hormonal birth control deprives young women of the health benefits of ovulation<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Certainly, for some women the Pill will just do what it\u2019s supposed to\u2014prevent pregnancy. But the worst thing about the Pill might be what it causes the body <em>not to do <\/em>for anyone who takes it. Because the Pill\u2019s primary action is to <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/no-cycle-on-the-pill\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">block the hormone feedback loop<\/a> that triggers ovulation, a woman on the Pill doesn\u2019t ovulate (though <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/can-you-ovulate-on-birth-control\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">breakthrough ovulation<\/a> can occur, sometimes), which means she also doesn\u2019t menstruate. Now, to some, that might sound like a good thing. But <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/topic\/fertility-awareness-methods\/reasons-women-need-periods\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">women actually <em>need<\/em> periods<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We need periods not only to help our bodies prepare for <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/menstrual-cycle-prep-for-pregnancy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">future pregnancy<\/a>, but also to help various organ systems function correctly. Ovulation and menstruation are <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/reasons-women-need-periods-you-need-a-period-the-role-of-the-menstrual-cycle-in-bone-health-development-2020\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">critical<\/a> to help women build bone mass in the first 25 years of life. This means that taking birth control now, in your teen years, could actually hurt your bone health when you\u2019re older and post-menopausal. Your <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/reasons-women-need-periods-estrogen-progesterone-heart-health-heart-disease-risk-2020\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">heart and cardiovascular system<\/a> also miss the important hormonal fluctuations that help them function well, and your <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/reasons-you-need-a-period-the-role-of-the-menstrual-cycle-in-the-immune-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">immune system<\/a> even loses out when you remove your menstrual cycle from your life. The Pill doesn\u2019t just prevent pregnancy or help with your acne\u2014it also disrupts the way your body is designed to function. And for growing teen girls, this can be especially problematic.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>The Pill doesn\u2019t just prevent pregnancy or help with your acne\u2014it also disrupts the way your body is designed to function. And for growing teen girls, this can be especially problematic.&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-birth-control-can-cause-devastating-side-effects-for-teen-girls\"><span id=\"birth-control-can-cause-devastating-side-effects-for-teen-girls\">Birth control can cause devastating side effects for teen girls<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Teens are particularly prone to mental health problems caused by their birth control. Birth control-induced blood clots are less likely to occur in otherwise healthy teens versus older women, but they are especially devastating\u2014and can be fatal\u2014for teen girls who <em>should <\/em>have their whole healthy lives ahead of them. Lastly, the longer a woman takes birth control, the higher her risk for both cervical and breast cancer. It only stands to reason that girls who start birth control as teens will ultimately have been on it longer than those who start taking it in adulthood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mental-health-problems\"><span id=\"mental-health-problems\">Mental health problems<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the most significant and well-documented risks for teens on birth control is the <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/study-shows-link-between-teen-birth-control-use-and-adult-depression-2019\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">association<\/a> between teenage birth control usage and adult-onset depression. <a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapsychiatry\/article-abstract\/2552796\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Multiple<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/jcpp.13476\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">studies<\/a> have shown that adolescence is a <a href=\"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/jcpp.13115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201csensitive period during which [oral contraception] usage could increase women\u2019s risk for depression, years after their first exposure<\/a>\u201d [1][2][3].&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/oral-contraception-depression-teens\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Negative mental health effects<\/a> don\u2019t just begin in adulthood, however. Researchers have also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2019\/10\/30\/health\/teens-birth-control-pills-depressive-symptoms-trnd\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">found<\/a> that teen girls on birth control report more crying and issues with eating and sleeping than their peers who are not taking the Pill. Birth control likely <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/how-hormonal-birth-control-may-affect-the-adolescent-brain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">impacts adolescent mental health<\/a> because synthetic forms of the female hormones progesterone and estrogen impact the brain, especially the still-developing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK499919\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">prefrontal cortex<\/a> or \u201cpersonality center\u201d of the brain [4]. And the havoc wreaked by the Pill won\u2019t necessarily go away when a young woman stops taking it.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-blood-clots-which-can-be-fatal\"><span id=\"blood-clots-which-can-be-fatal\">Blood clots, which can be fatal<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>While older women are more likely to develop blood clots from birth control, taking hormonal birth control still raises a teen\u2019s risk for blood clots above her pill-free peers\u2019 risk. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.liveaction.org\/news\/hormonal-birth-control-terrible-cost-teenage-girls\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Numerous healthy teen girls<\/a>, like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.liveaction.org\/news\/blood-clot-birth-control-happen-anyone\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Orlaith Clinton<\/a>, have developed blood clots as a result of taking hormonal birth control. Eighteen year old <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/wisconsin-teen-says-that-stroke-was-caused-by-hormonal-birth-control\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hannah Drummond<\/a> experienced a stroke caused by a blood clot that traveled to her brain. Her doctors believe the clot was caused by her birth control.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In some cases, young women have <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/birth-control-pills-blood-clots-and-untimely-death-our-familys-story\/\">lost their lives<\/a> to birth control-induced <a href=\"https:\/\/www.buzzfeed.com\/laraparker\/birth-control-blood-clot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">blood clots<\/a>. Hope Johnson. <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/remembering-alexandra-williams-one-year-after-her-death-2019\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Alexandra WIlliams<\/a>. Julia West-Ross. <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/remember-erika-langhart-victim-of-the-nuvaring\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Erika Langhart<\/a>. Brittany Malone. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thepublicdiscourse.com\/2019\/03\/49896\/#:~:text=Bioethics%2C%20Healthcare%2C%20Sexuality-,Birth%20Control%2C%20Blood%20Clots%2C%20and%20Untimely%20Death%3A%20Time%20to,What%20We%20Tell%20Our%20Teens%3F&amp;text=By%20increasing%20the%20risk%20of,forty%2Dfive%20people%20in%202017.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Alex Rowan<\/a>. Each woman died from a blood clot caused by her birth control. According to a 2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0024363918816683\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">systematic review of literature<\/a> on blood clot, stroke, and heart attack risk due to birth control in young women ages 15-24,\u201cThe risks found would project 300\u2013400 women dying from using [hormonal contraception] each year in the United States.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-c-word-cancer\"><span id=\"the-c-word-cancer\">The C-word: cancer<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hormonal birth control also increases a teen girl\u2019s future risk for cervical or breast cancer. Cervical cancer risk increases with duration of use. Young women who take birth control have a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/risk\/hormones\/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet#:~:text=The%20longer%20a%20woman%20uses,years%20of%20use%20(9).\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10% increased risk for less than 5 years of use, and an astounding 60% increased risk for 5-9 years of use.<\/a> Cervical cancer risk <em>doubles<\/em> for women who take hormonal birth control for more than 10 years.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Your <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/birth-control-abortion-and-breast-cancer-risk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">risk of developing breast cancer<\/a> also increases the younger that you begin birth control, especially if you\u2019ve never been pregnant. This is because breast cancer mostly develops in less mature, cancer-vulnerable breast tissue that hasn\u2019t yet prepared for lactation. This immature breast tissue has more progesterone and estrogen receptors than more mature tissue. These receptors multiply rapidly when exposed to the synthetic hormones in birth control, and this rapid multiplication can lead to mutations that lead to cancer. This is why women in their 20s taking birth control have nearly <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10354-010-0807-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">double<\/a> the risk of breast cancer than women in their 30s [5]. That risk is even higher if you are in your teens when you start the Pill.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-teens-and-young-women-needn-t-expose-themselves-to-the-side-effects-of-birth-control\"><span id=\"teens-and-young-women-neednt-expose-themselves-to-the-side-effects-of-birth-control\">Teens and young women needn\u2019t expose themselves to the side effects of birth control<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Teen girls who take birth control aren&#8217;t just at risk of significant side effects. Women\u2019s health nurse practitioner Teresa Kenney believes that birth control use deprives young women of key health data. She explains that a woman\u2019s cycle is another vital sign, giving her insight into how her body is doing. \u201cIf you are a woman, you know that at some point in your reproductive life, you\u2019re going to have some change in your menstrual cycle. Something is going to occur that makes you ask, \u2018is this normal? Or is this not normal?\u2019\u201d she <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/cycle-health-for-teen-girls\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">said in an interview with Natural Womanhood<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kenney recommends young women learn to chart their cycles from an early age for health monitoring. This involves more than just recording when you start your period. Cycle charting could include tracking other bodily signs like cervical mucus or basal body temperature (BBT). If you\u2019ve never heard of either of those terms before, we have many great <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/topic\/fertility-awareness-methods\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">starter resources<\/a> here at Natural Womanhood. It might seem a little weird to be tracking these symptoms if you\u2019re not sexually active or thinking about pregnancy yet, but this information is foundational to body literacy, and body literacy doesn\u2019t require an engagement ring! Especially if you\u2019re experiencing <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/irregular-teen-cycles-metabolic-syndrome\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cycle irregularity<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/what-causes-painful-periods\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">heavy and painful periods<\/a>, understanding how and when your body moves through the cycle phases can give restorative reproductive medicine-trained healthcare providers clues as to the cause and where to start a diagnostic workup.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-should-teens-use-fertility-awareness-for-pregnancy-prevention\"><span id=\"should-teens-use-fertility-awareness-for-pregnancy-prevention\">Should teens use fertility awareness for pregnancy prevention?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>But what about the young women who take birth control for pregnancy prevention? While cycle charting can be used to avoid pregnancy, that\u2019s not the goal for teen use as advocated by Kenney and others. As we cover in our <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/teen-sex-mental-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">teen sex series<\/a>, research shows that teenage sexual activity has significant negative consequences, especially for teen girls. We do teens a deep disservice by not being honest with them about the risks of sex, and assuming they have little-to-no self-control and are simply \u201cgoing to do it, anyway.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For mothers of pre-teens and teenagers, Natural Womanhood also offers an online, parent-led, body literacy <a href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalwomanhood.courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">course<\/a> to help women teach their daughters about their cycles in age-appropriate ways and help them feel at home in, <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/cycle-mindfulness-what-happens-when-you-teach-fertility-awareness-to-teen-girls\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">not betrayed by<\/a>, their own bodies. Though learning fertility awareness and cycle tracking might involve a little more effort and education than simply taking a Pill, young women gain body literacy that provides <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/hookup-culture-in-college-hurts-young-women-the-most\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">relationship<\/a> and health <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/topic\/fertility-awareness-methods\/health-benefits-of-charting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">benefits<\/a> for years to come.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>References:<\/p>\n\n\n\n[1]Skovlund CW, M\u00f8rch LS, Kessing LV, Lidegaard \u00d8. Association of Hormonal Contraception With Depression. <em>JAMA Psychiatry.<\/em> 2016;73(11):1154\u20131162. doi:10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.2387<\/p>\n\n\n\n[2] Anderl, Christine et al. \u201cAssociation between adolescent oral contraceptive use and future major depressive disorder: a prospective cohort study.\u201d <em>Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines<\/em> vol. 63,3 (2022): 333-341. doi:10.1111\/jcpp.13476<\/p>\n\n\n\n[3] Anderl, Christine et al. \u201cOral contraceptive use in adolescence predicts lasting vulnerability to depression in adulthood.\u201d <em>Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines<\/em> vol. 61,2 (2020): 148-156. doi:10.1111\/jcpp.13115<\/p>\n\n\n\n[4] Hathaway WR, Newton BW. Neuroanatomy, Prefrontal Cortex. [Updated 2023 May 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK499919\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK499919\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n[5] Bjelic-Radisic, V., Petru, E. Hormonelle Kontrazeption und Brustkrebsrisiko. <em>Wien Med Wochenschr<\/em> 160, 483\u2013486 (2010). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10354-010-0807-0\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10354-010-0807-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additional Reading:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-teens-and-sex-the-kids-aren-t-alright-the-connection-between-decreased-teen-sex-and-mental-health\"><span id=\"teens-and-sex-the-kids-arent-alright-the-connection-between-decreased-teen-sex-and-mental-health\"><a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/teen-sex-mental-health\/\">Teens and sex: The kids aren\u2019t alright\u2014the connection between decreased teen sex and mental health<\/a><\/span><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-teens-and-sex-rescuing-a-generation-how-abstinence-and-the-success-sequence-can-help-gen-z-experience-long-term-success-and-fulfillment\"><span id=\"teens-and-sex-rescuing-a-generation-how-abstinence-and-the-success-sequence-can-help-gen-z-experience-long-term-success-and-fulfillment\"><a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/success-sequence\/\">Teens and sex: Rescuing a generation\u2014how abstinence and the Success Sequence can help Gen Z experience long-term success and fulfillment<\/a><\/span><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-teens-and-sex-why-consent-can-t-be-the-final-word-in-what-s-sexually-acceptable-especially-for-teens\"><span id=\"teens-and-sex-why-consent-cant-be-the-final-word-in-whats-sexually-acceptable-especially-for-teens\"><a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/teen-sex-consent\/\">Teens and sex: Why consent can\u2019t be the final word in what\u2019s sexually acceptable\u2013especially for teens<\/a><\/span><\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Les filles sous HBC n'ovulent pas, et c'est un probl\u00e8me.","protected":false},"author":106,"featured_media":18685,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5177,5332],"tags":[5571,5413,5519],"class_list":{"0":"post-18672","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-know-your-body","8":"category-teaching-teens-about-their-bodies","9":"tag-birth-control-side-effects","10":"tag-cancer","11":"tag-teens-and-sex","12":"cs-entry","13":"cs-video-wrap"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin 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