{"id":16804,"date":"2023-01-27T10:06:50","date_gmt":"2023-01-27T16:06:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/?p=16804"},"modified":"2024-10-16T11:34:11","modified_gmt":"2024-10-16T16:34:11","slug":"le-lait-maternel-est-une-substance-vivante","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/fr\/breastmilk-is-living-substance\/","title":{"rendered":"Pourquoi appelle-t-on le lait maternel une substance vivante ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>You might have heard that breast milk has superpower properties, can heal wounds faster than neosporin, and is perfectly calibrated for the infant at every stage of development. This is all true\u2014and it is because breastmilk is a living, constantly changing substance. That\u2019s right: <em>It\u2019s alive<\/em>. But what does it mean to call breastmilk a \u201cliving\u201d substance?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-all-the-ways-your-breastmilk-adapts-to-baby-s-needs\"><span id=\"all-the-ways-your-breastmilk-adapts-to-babys-needs\">All the ways your breastmilk adapts to baby\u2019s needs<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5508878\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2017 review of literature<\/a> noted that human milk complexity is generated by \u201cindividual variations in breast milk composition, which are attributed to the stage of lactation, the degree of breast fullness, infant feeding, the health of the breastfeeding dyad, and other factors\u201d [1]. That means it\u2019s quite literally always changing, in response to all sorts of different factors. Practically, it also means that the milk a mom makes at 2pm on a Tuesday is constitutionally different from the milk she might make 24 hours, 2 weeks, or 6 months later.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What\u2019s more, the breastmilk a mom makes when her child is sick has more infection-fighting cells than when her child is well. And these changes and adaptations in breastmilk composition continue <a href=\"https:\/\/kellymom.com\/ages\/older-infant\/ebf-benefits\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">for as long as the mother breastfeeds<\/a>. Likewise, breastfeeding remains a vital source of nutrition <em>and<\/em> immune protection for as long as breastfeeding continues; yes, even after the child is primarily consuming solids!&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even more fascinating, milk composition follows a circadian rhythm and has more sleep-inducing hormones (primarily melatonin) at night time. And the balance of fat and sugar is always in flux, too. When breasts are very full (like they are upon waking when baby blessedly sleeps a bit longer at night!), milk contains more sugar and less fat, while \u201cemptier\u201d breasts (e.g., towards the end of a good, long feeding) make milk higher in fat content. (This is one of the very reasons that in my work as a lactation consultant, I often tell moms that their breasts are rarely, if ever, empty\u2014even when they feel like they are!)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-in-breastmilk-that-makes-it-alive\"><span id=\"what-is-in-breastmilk-that-makes-it-alive\">What is in breastmilk that makes it \u201calive?\u201d<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According to this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2018.00295\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2018 paper<\/a>, \u201cHuman milk consists of 87% water, 1% protein, 4% lipid, and 7% carbohydrate (including 1 to 2.4% oligosaccharides). It also contains many minerals (Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Potassium, Sodium, etc\u2026) and many vitamins\u201d [2].&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But in addition to its nutritional components, breastmilk contains bioactive components, including probiotics (yes, breastmilk contains friendly bacteria!) and breastmilk cells, which are derived from either the mother\u2019s blood or her breast tissue itself. (For a visual explanation, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5508878\/figure\/Fig1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">this helpful graph<\/a> breaks down the types of bioactive cells in breast milk.) The breast-derived cells contain lactocytes (milk-secretory cells), myoepithelial cells (from the milk ducts), progenitor cells (the precursors to stem cells), and stem cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-immunity-boosting-cells-in-breastmilk\"><span id=\"immunity-boosting-cells-in-breastmilk\">Immunity-boosting cells in breastmilk<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>What do breast-derived cells do? Think of it this way: your breasts contain little receptors and filters that take in information about your environment, put it through a calculation machine and then pump out the exact formula (no pun intended) of what is needed for this specific baby at this specific moment and time.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You know how babies go through that stage where they put <em>everything<\/em> in their mouth? It often coincides with more mobility and freedom to explore their environment. They take a toy from the ground of the coffee shop or playground or day care, and put it straight into their mouth (much to your horror). But when the baby comes to the breast, their saliva contains all of these lovely germs from their environment that go into your breast via nursing and go through the computation process. Brilliant, right?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The incredible adaptability of breastmilk immune cell production plus the presence of probiotics to prime the infant\u2019s gastrointestinal tract likely play a major role in why breastfeeding confers protection against childhood illnesses as well as diseases later in life [1]. Amazingly, research suggests that immune cells travel <em>outside<\/em> of the gastrointestinal tract (where breastmilk, just like solid foods, ends up), migrating into the infant\u2019s bloodstream, and eventually landing in places like the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver [3].&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stem-cells-in-breastmilk\"><span id=\"stem-cells-in-breastmilk\">Stem cells in breastmilk<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Stem cells play a very vital role as well in the properties of breast milk. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4188237\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2014 study<\/a> said that \u201cHuman milk stem cells were shown to be highly plastic and to differentiate in culture into cells from the 3 germ layers\u201d [4]. Why might this matter? Breast milk cell components may actually play a role in baby\u2019s development. According to the study, \u201cHassiotou and Hartmann (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4188237\/#bib7\">7<\/a>) used mouse models to provide the first evidence that milk stem cells are transferred to different tissues of the breast-fed offspring, remaining viable and integrating within host tissue\u201d [4]. This opens up an exciting and burgeoning field of study, built on increasing evidence that, similarly to adult stem cells, breastmilk stem cells could transform medicine for both infants and adults alike. In fact, according to the 2017 review of literature mentioned above, \u201cbreast milk is now considered a therapeutic agent suitable for use in parallel to drug therapy\u201d such as in this case series <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7546158\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">treating Immunoglobulin A deficiency in liver transplant patients<\/a> [5].&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-breastmilk-s-relationship-to-mom-s-nutritional-status\"><span id=\"breastmilks-relationship-to-moms-nutritional-status\">Breastmilk\u2019s relationship to mom\u2019s nutritional status<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You may have heard that babies in the womb are very good at getting the nutrients they need to thrive, in some cases even taking from maternal stores if the mother is malnourished. The same is true of lactation. The nutritional content of breastmilk is designed for the baby, largely regardless of the mom\u2019s diet, and will change in response to the baby\u2019s needs as necessary.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Of course, this doesn\u2019t mean nutrition for moms isn\u2019t important. We\u2019ve written in the past on the importance of <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/navigating-the-fourth-trimester-good-postpartum-nutrition\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">nutrition in the fourth trimester<\/a>, and beyond. But, again, good maternal nutrition is primarily for the health and nourishment of the <em>mom<\/em>, not the baby. Pregnancy and lactating and caregiving for small babies is very demanding on the body, and mothers need all the nourishment they can get. (Just rest assured your body is making sure your baby is getting what he or she needs from your breastmilk, regardless.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"a-quick-note-on-those-tech-startups-that-want-to-assess-your-milk\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">A quick note on those tech startups that want to &#8220;assess&#8221; your milk&#8230; <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite the fact that our bodies are very good at producing the right kind of milk at the right time for our babies, there are tech <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mymilklab.com\/mmes\/nutrition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">startups<\/a> purporting to test moms\u2019 breastmilk to see if it contains the ideal composition of vitamins and minerals. As a lactation consultant, I see the reality that, while baby\u2019s nutritional needs are usually adequately met by breastmilk (supply issues aside), <em>mom\u2019s<\/em> needs too often fall by the wayside. Therefore, I see this hyper-focus on the nutritional composition of breastmilk as a sorely missed opportunity, and misplaced time and energy (and money). We should be more focused on helping tired, new breastfeeding moms get the right nutrients they need to function as their baby\u2019s primary caregiver in the early months and years of their baby\u2019s life. In other words, let\u2019s trust breastmilk to do its thing, and let\u2019s help moms do theirs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-breastfeeding-may-not-always-be-possible-but-mother-child-bonding-always-is\"><span id=\"breastfeeding-may-not-always-be-possible-but-mother-child-bonding-always-is\">Breastfeeding may not always be possible, but mother-child bonding always is<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For various reasons, some mothers either decide not to or simply can\u2019t provide breastmilk for their little ones. In a vacuum where nothing else matters, the nutrition and composition of breastmilk will always win out against formula\u2013after all, they have yet to invent a formula that can literally change in response to a baby\u2019s daily needs! But we do live in a real world with real people and real life factors, and the inability to breastfeed (for whatever reason) is a reality that many women have to come to terms with.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In my experience as a lactation consultant, many moms mourn the \u201closs\u201d of breastfeeding as a lost opportunity to bond with their babies. That\u2019s why one of the clarifying questions I ask moms as they process their options and priorities is \u201cIf you had to choose between breastmilk in a bottle or formula from the breasts\u2026.what would you choose?\u201d Because the truth is, feeding in any form is a <a href=\"https:\/\/verilymag.com\/2021\/06\/primer-for-breastfeeding-preparation-bottle-feeding-tips-2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">wonderful opportunity for parent\/baby bonding<\/a>. And many of the crucial bonding opportunities that are naturally built into breastfeeding, like skin-to-skin contact and forming early communication cues, are still possible when bottle feeding. When breastfeeding is recognized as the biological norm, we can orient all caregiving (including feeding) practices to this norm, and it won&#8217;t have to feel quite so charged anymore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So\u2026it\u2019s true. Breastmilk is an amazing and quite literally <em>alive<\/em> substance, that you can feel confident is meeting all the right nutritional (and even many of the immunological and emotional) needs of your baby at every stage of her development.. And then one day, she\u2019ll be a toddler who will take a week-old squished raspberry from the crack of the couch and happily eat it. C\u2019est la vie!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>References:<\/p>\n\n\n\n[1] Witkowska-Zimny M, Kaminska-El-Hassan E. Cells of human breast milk. <em>Cell Mol Biol Lett<\/em>. vol 22, no. 11 (2017). doi: 10.1186\/s11658-017-0042-4. PMID: 28717367; PMCID: PMC5508878.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[2] Boquien, Clair-Yves. \u201cHuman milk: an ideal food for nutrition of preterm newborn.\u201d <em>Frontiers in Pediatrics<\/em>, vol. 6 (2018). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2018.00295\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2018.00295<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n[3] Cabinian A, et al. Transfer of Maternal Immune Cells by Breastfeeding: Maternal Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Present in Breast Milk Localize in the Peyer&#8217;s Patches of the Nursed Infant. <em>PLoS One<\/em>, vol. 11, no 6 (2016):e0156762. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0156762. PMID: 27285085; PMCID: PMC4902239.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[4] Bode L, McGuire M, Rodriguez JM, Geddes DT, Hassiotou F, Hartmann PE, McGuire MK. It\u2019s alive: microbes and cells in human milk and their potential benefits to mother and infant. <em>Adv Nutr. <\/em>vol. 5, no. 5 (2014): pp. 571-3. doi: 10.3945\/an.114.006643. PMID: 25469400; PMCID: PMC4188237.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[5] Merhav, H J et al. Treatment of IgA deficiency in liver transplant recipients with human breast milk.\u201d <em>Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation<\/em> vol. 8,no. 4 (1995): pp. 327-9. doi:10.1007\/BF00346889<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additional Reading:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/trying-to-conceive-while-breastfeeding\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Do you need to wean from breastfeeding while trying to conceive?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/breastfeeding-the-eco-friendly-baby-feeding-option\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The eco-friendly baby feeding option: How breastfeeding benefits the environment<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/is-birth-control-safe-while-breastfeeding\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Is birth control safe while breastfeeding?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/fertility-awareness-charting-postpartum-while-breastfeeding\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Yes, you <em>can<\/em> chart with a fertility awareness method while breastfeeding!<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/breastfeeding-fertility-awareness-not-getting-pregnant\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Can you really use breastfeeding as natural birth control?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/fabm-postpartum-nfp-does-breastfeeding-prevent-pregnancy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Does breastfeeding keep you from getting pregnant?<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Vous avez peut-\u00eatre entendu dire que le lait maternel a des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s superpuissantes, qu'il peut gu\u00e9rir les blessures plus rapidement que la n\u00e9osporine et qu'il est...","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":16805,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5336,5185],"tags":[5411,6379],"class_list":{"0":"post-16804","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-breastfeeding","8":"category-pregnancy-childbirth","9":"tag-breastfeeding","10":"tag-health-benefits-of-breastfeeding","11":"cs-entry","12":"cs-video-wrap"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Why do we call breastmilk a living substance?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Because breastmilk is a living substance, the nutritional and bioactive components change with every feeding.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/fr\/le-lait-maternel-est-une-substance-vivante\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why do we call breastmilk a living substance?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"You might have heard that breast milk has superpower properties, can heal wounds faster than neosporin, and is perfectly calibrated for the infant at\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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She runs a private practice where she teaches women and couples about their menstrual cycles and provides support to postpartum families. Her favorite distractions are espionage novels, attempting to garden, and live jazz. 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