{"id":13218,"date":"2021-10-08T08:27:39","date_gmt":"2021-10-08T13:27:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/?p=13218"},"modified":"2025-01-24T12:46:44","modified_gmt":"2025-01-24T18:46:44","slug":"fam-basic-prendre-soin-de-son-col-de-luterus-sante-du-col-de-luterus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/fr\/fam-basics-caring-for-your-cervix-cervical-health\/","title":{"rendered":"L'essentiel de FAM : Prendre soin de son col de l'ut\u00e9rus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>If you ever watched the Robin Williams movie \u201cPatch Adams,\u201d you might recall the hilariously awkward scene where Williams\/Adams creates a giant model of a woman\u2019s legs in stirrups with a banner reading \u201cAt Your Cervix\u201d to welcome a group of OB\/GYNs to his medical school. And if you had a sex ed class in high school, you probably learned that the sexually transmitted infection (STI) human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancer. But what is the cervix, and what are its main functions? In this next installment in our <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/topic\/fam-basics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">FAM Basics<\/a> series, we cover what you need to know about the cervix, cervical functioning, and how to protect your cervical health.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-the-cervix\"><span id=\"what-is-the-cervix\">What is the Cervix?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/publications\/dictionaries\/cancer-terms\/def\/cervix\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">National Cancer Institute<\/a>, the cervix is \u201cthe lower, narrow end of the uterus that forms a canal between the uterus and vagina.\u201d Whether you\u2019ve ever been pregnant or not, you probably already know that the cervix shortens, thins, and dilates, or opens, during the labor and delivery process so that a baby can pass through and be born. You can picture it a bit like a turtleneck that gets stretched and scrunched to go over a person\u2019s head, only it\u2019s the baby\u2019s head that\u2019s going through.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You might also wonder if the cervix opens at any other time, and the answer is \u2018yes.\u2019 The cervix opens just about as wide as a tiny slit during menstruation, when the <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/fam-basics-everything-you-need-to-know-about-your-endometrium\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">endometrium <\/a>of the uterus sheds, and again right around ovulation to potentially allow sperm to travel up from the vagina to the uterus and beyond to fertilize the newly-released egg.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But if you\u2019re not pregnant (or trying to get pregnant), why should you care about what the cervix is and does? Little things called cervical crypts are relevant no matter whether you are trying to conceive or avoid pregnancy, or simply seeking to monitor your gynecological health.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-are-cervical-crypts-what-is-cervical-mucus-and-how-are-they-related-to-fertility\"><span id=\"what-are-cervical-crypts-what-is-cervical-mucus-and-how-are-they-related-to-fertility\">What are cervical crypts, what is cervical mucus, and how are they related to fertility?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The cervical crypts look like little pockets lining the sides of the cervix, and their main function is to produce cervical fluid, also known as <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/fam-basics-what-is-cervical-mucus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cervical mucus<\/a>. Cervical mucus comes out of the vagina, and a woman trained in a <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/topic\/fertility-awareness-methods\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fertility awareness method<\/a> can observe its characteristics. Cervical mucus observations are a standard of most modern, evidence-based methods of fertility awareness for good reason, because cyclical changes in the amount, consistency, and appearance of cervical mucus correspond predictably with periods of fertility and infertility.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cervical mucus is typically thick and inhospitable to sperm after menstruation and after ovulation. This thicker mucus helps \u201cseal off\u201d the cervix, and protect it from things like infection. The mucus thins and becomes stretchy and clear in the days leading up to ovulation, and for a day or two after ovulation. This clear, or \u201cegg white cervical mucus\u201d (EWCM) as it is called (because, well, it looks a lot like egg-whites!), lets sperm through on its way up to meet the egg for fertilization.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A woman trained in a fertility awareness method, or FAM, can determine when she is and is not fertile based on her cervical mucus observations. <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/find-a-fam-instructor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Some methods<\/a> utilize cervical mucus observations only, while others have a second fertility biomarker crosscheck, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/fertility-awareness-method-basics-basal-body-temperature-bbt\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">basal body temperature<\/a> measurements or urinary hormone metabolite level testing (as with <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/confirming-ovulation-with-proov-strips-monitoring-ovulation-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Proov strips<\/a> or the ClearBlue fertility monitor). And because the cervix opens a tiny bit and moves higher up in the pelvic cavity around the time of ovulation, some methods include internal cervical os (opening) checks as well.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-do-the-cervical-crypts-have-to-do-with-infertility-and-how-might-hormonal-birth-control-be-implicated-nbsp\"><span id=\"what-do-the-cervical-crypts-have-to-do-with-infertility-and-how-might-hormonal-birth-control-be-implicated\">What do the cervical crypts have to do with infertility, and how might hormonal birth control be implicated?&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As Natural Womanhood has <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/pill-cause-infertility-yes-no\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">discussed previously<\/a>, the <em>three <\/em>necessary ingredients for successful conception are sperm, an egg, and fertile mucus\u2014not just a sperm and an egg, as so many of us are taught in high school sex ed. Fertile mucus guides sperm all the way up from the vagina, through the cervix and the uterus, and into the Fallopian tubes where fertilization of the egg can take place. Good quality, fertile mucus is more than a guide for sperm though; its more-basic pH keeps the natural acidity of the vagina from destroying the sperm, and it also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2358-04292015000200007\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">filters out poor quality sperm<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Inadequate or absent cervical mucus production is a direct cause of infertility, since without good quality mucus, the sperm will never survive the arduous trip to meet the egg. In fact, an absence of cervical mucus could signal that a woman is not ovulating at all, which is worth a deep dive from a medical professional trained in <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/find-a-doctor\/restorative-reproductive-medicine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">restorative reproductive medicine<\/a>, since ovulation is a sign of the overall health of a woman\u2019s body.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some women who discontinue hormonal birth control find that <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/pill-cause-infertility-yes-no\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">their fertility does not return for up to a year<\/a>, even though they are having sex regularly and seeking to become pregnant. There are several reasons why this might be the case. First, the pill\u2019s hormonal mechanism of action continuously thickens cervical mucus, making it naturally hostile to sperm, and it may take some time for the body to resume normal hormonal signaling leading to adequate estrogen levels to make fertile, egg-white cervical mucus (EWCM). And if the woman went on hormonal birth control for reproductive issues such as irregular cycles in the first place, the Pill only placed a band-aid over those underlying problems, and she ends up right back where she started when she comes off it.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, some <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22825095\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">research suggests<\/a> a possible association between long-term (5+ years) hormonal contraceptive use and thinning of the endometrium, or uterine lining. Even if ovulation were occurring and EWCM were present, <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/depo-provera-birth-control-shot-long-term-effects-fertility-miscarriage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a thinned endometrial lining<\/a> would likely be inhospitable to a newly conceived embryo, leading to a very early miscarriage, sometimes called a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/what-is-a-chemical-pregnancy-early-miscarriage-2020\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">chemical pregnancy<\/a>.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The work of a twentieth century Swedish professor and researcher, Dr. Eric Odeblad, has contributed substantially to what we now know about cervical mucus. Dr. Odeblad collected observations from women in various stages of their reproductive life and some women were followed for over 35 years. Hormonal contraception prematurely ages the cervix by significantly decreasing S-crypts, a type of cervical crypt more abundant in younger women, which produces the ideal type of cervical mucus necessary for conception to occur; namely, mucus that provides safe passage for, transport of, and nourishment to sperm [1]. He also showed how pregnancy rejuvenates these crypts. (More recent data even shows that this accelerated maturational process causes women to have a higher susceptibility to HPV infection [2].) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-can-i-protect-my-cervical-health-nbsp\"><span id=\"how-can-i-protect-my-cervical-health\">How can I protect my cervical health?&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One way to protect your cervical health is to avoid the use of oral contraceptives altogether, since the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/risk\/hormones\/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">National Cancer Institute has found<\/a> that use of oral contraceptives increases a woman\u2019s risk for cervical cancer. Specifically:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>\u201cWomen who have used oral contraceptives for 5 or more years have a higher risk of cervical cancer than women who have never used oral contraceptives. The longer a woman uses oral contraceptives, the greater the increase in her risk of cervical cancer. One study found a 10% increased risk for less than 5 years of use, a 60% increased risk with 5\u20139 years of use, and a doubling of the risk with 10 or more years of use (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/risk\/hormones\/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet#r9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">9<\/a>). However, the risk of cervical cancer has been found to decline over time after women stop using oral contraceptives (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/risk\/hormones\/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet#r10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10<\/a>\u2013<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/risk\/hormones\/oral-contraceptives-fact-sheet#r12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">12<\/a>).\u201d&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Besides avoiding or discontinuing oral contraceptive use, one positive action you can take to protect your cervical health is learning to chart with a fertility awareness method, or FAM. Remember, EWCM is directly connected to ovulation, and ovulation is a sign of overall health in the body. Learning to effectively identify your cervical mucus, then, leads you to become aware of what\u2019s going on inside your body, and to advocate for your reproductive and overall health as needed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-might-hormonal-contraceptive-use-be-harmful-to-the-cervical-health-of-young-women-nbsp\"><span id=\"why-might-hormonal-contraceptive-use-be-harmful-to-the-cervical-health-of-young-women\">Why might hormonal contraceptive use be harmful to the cervical health of young women?&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As Cassondra Moriarty previously wrote for Natural Womanhood in her article \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/reasons-you-need-a-period-the-role-of-the-menstrual-cycle-in-the-immune-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Reasons Women Need Periods: The Role of the Menstrual Cycle in the Immune System<\/a>:\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cThe female fertility cycle (which doesn\u2019t begin until puberty) plays a major role in cervical maturation. The exposure to cyclical immunity and hormonal fluctuations from the fertility cycle allows the cervix to undergo proper epithelial development, and develop a natural resistance to infection. Therefore, a cervix that has matured under these natural hormonal processes is pretty good at fighting off infections like human papillomavirus, also known as HPV.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Conversely, a cervix that is not exposed to cyclical immunity and endogenous hormonal fluctuations could logically be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/mi201735\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">more susceptible to infection<\/a>, as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19167657\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">some research<\/a> indeed suggests. (More on how contraceptive use could even lead to increased susceptibility to systemic infection <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/reasons-you-need-a-period-the-role-of-the-menstrual-cycle-in-the-immune-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here.<\/a>) The epidemic of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young people would certainly seem to support this idea, especially given that while young people nowadays are having <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/pressroom\/nchs_press_releases\/2017\/201706_NSFG.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">less sex than in previous years<\/a> they have significantly higher rates of STIs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/human-papillomavirus-(hpv)-and-cervical-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">World Health Organization<\/a> says \u201c<em>Nearly<\/em> <em>all <\/em>cases of cervical cancer can be attributable to HPV infection\u201d (emphasis added). If hormonal birth control use predisposes young women to HPV infection, and cervical cancer is almost always connected to HPV, the known increased risk of cervical cancer among oral contraceptive users makes perfect, and disturbing, sense.&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>We know that cervical health is directly connected to overall health in the body, and that hormonal contraceptives do young women, in particular, very few favors when it comes to their increased risk of STIs and cervical cancer. On the other hand, women who chart fertility awareness methods, whether for health monitoring or in relation to pregnancy intention, both safeguard their cervical health and have a \u201cleg up\u201d (pardon the pun!) on knowing when something is wrong.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"if-you-want-more-girls-and-women-to-be-aware-of-the-connections-between-cervical-cancer-and-hormonal-birth-control-use-please-sign-and-share-our-fda-petition-today\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>If you want more girls and women to be aware of the connections between cervical cancer and hormonal birth control use, <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/fdapetition\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">please sign and share our FDA petition today<\/a>. <\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>References:<\/p>\n\n\n\n[1] and [2] <em>Recent advances on the cervicovaginal secretion from adolescence to menopause: Physiopathology and implications for NFP. For a responsible transmission of life. Proceedings from IV Internation Congress for the family of Africa and Europe. Ed. Al Cappella 1988 145-157.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"additional-reading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Additional Reading:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/reasons-you-need-a-period-the-role-of-the-menstrual-cycle-in-the-immune-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Reasons Women Need Periods: The Role of the Menstrual Cycle in the Immune System<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/fam-basics-what-is-cervical-mucus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">FAM Basics: What is Cervical Mucus?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/natural-womanhood-petition-to-the-fda-birth-control-side-effects-dr-william-williams\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Why the Natural Womanhood Citizens Petition to the FDA is So Urgently Needed: An Interview with Dr. William V. Williams<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/risk-of-hiv-transmission-depo-provera-birth-control-shot\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">HIV Transmission &amp; Depo-Provera, the Birth Control Shot<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Si vous avez d\u00e9j\u00e0 regard\u00e9 le film de Robin Williams \u201cPatch Adams\u201d, vous vous souvenez peut-\u00eatre de la sc\u00e8ne hilarante et maladroite o\u00f9...","protected":false},"author":85,"featured_media":13219,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5177,5334],"tags":[4169,6299,4104],"class_list":{"0":"post-13218","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-know-your-body","8":"category-the-basics","9":"tag-cervical-mucus","10":"tag-fam-basics","11":"tag-fertility-awareness-methods","12":"cs-entry","13":"cs-video-wrap"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - 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