{"id":2799,"date":"2019-08-24T12:56:06","date_gmt":"2019-08-24T16:56:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/natural-womanhood.local\/?p=2799"},"modified":"2024-05-18T13:15:23","modified_gmt":"2024-05-18T18:15:23","slug":"la-sorprendente-relacion-entre-los-anticonceptivos-y-el-cancer-de-piel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/es\/the-surprising-link-between-birth-control-and-skin-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"La sorprendente relaci\u00f3n entre anticonceptivos y c\u00e1ncer de piel"},"content":{"rendered":"

Devastadoramente, este a\u00f1o se espera que mueran casi 8.000 personas en Estados Unidos de c\u00e1ncer de piel por melanoma: unos 4.740 hombres y 2.490 mujeres, seg\u00fan la Sociedad Americana del C\u00e1ncer (ACS). (1) La ACS calcula que en 2023 se diagnosticar\u00e1n 97.610 nuevos casos de melanoma, m\u00e1s de 58.000 en hombres y m\u00e1s de 39.000 en mujeres, mientras que la Academia Americana de Dermatolog\u00eda preve\u00eda casi el doble de casos en 2022, el a\u00f1o m\u00e1s reciente para el que dio estimaciones. (1)(2) Aunque el melanoma, el tipo m\u00e1s peligroso de c\u00e1ncer de piel, es principalmente una enfermedad de personas mayores, la Academia Americana de Dermatolog\u00eda (AAD) y la Sociedad Americana del C\u00e1ncer (ACS) se\u00f1alan que es tambi\u00e9n <\/em>uno de los c\u00e1nceres m\u00e1s frecuentes entre los j\u00f3venes menores de 30 a\u00f1os, especialmente entre las mujeres j\u00f3venes. \u00bfA qu\u00e9 se debe? Una respuesta obvia: las c\u00e1maras de bronceado. La AAD advierte espec\u00edficamente: \"Las mujeres menores de 30 a\u00f1os tienen seis veces m\u00e1s probabilidades de desarrollar un melanoma si se broncean en interiores\". (2)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00ed, es probable que la introducci\u00f3n del bronceado en interiores haya desempe\u00f1ado un papel importante en el espectacular aumento general de los casos de melanoma en mujeres j\u00f3venes durante las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas, pero \u00bfes ese el \u00fanico factor? Tambi\u00e9n deber\u00edamos analizar detenidamente qu\u00e9 papel pueden desempe\u00f1ar los f\u00e1rmacos altamente prescritos, como los anticonceptivos, en la epidemia de casos de c\u00e1ncer de piel entre las mujeres premenop\u00e1usicas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Conexiones entre las c\u00e9lulas de la piel y los receptores de estr\u00f3genos<\/h2>\n

Cualquiera que haya tenido c\u00e1ncer de mama en su historial familiar probablemente est\u00e9 familiarizado con un receptor conocido como HER2. Yo lo estaba, pero realmente no sab\u00eda mucho sobre \u00e9l m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de su nombre hasta que empec\u00e9 a investigar para un <\/span>art\u00edculo<\/span><\/a> Estaba escribiendo sobre el c\u00e1ncer de mama.<\/span><\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan los NIH, un c\u00e1ncer que se HER2 positivo<\/a>HER2, \"describe las c\u00e9lulas cancerosas que tienen demasiada cantidad de una prote\u00edna llamada HER2 en su superficie. En las c\u00e9lulas normales, la HER2 ayuda a controlar el crecimiento celular. Cuando las c\u00e9lulas cancerosas la producen en cantidades superiores a las normales, las c\u00e9lulas pueden crecer m\u00e1s deprisa y tener m\u00e1s probabilidades de extenderse a otras partes del cuerpo.\"<\/p>\n

HER2 significa <\/span>receptor 2 del factor de crecimiento epid\u00e9rmico humano<\/span><\/i>. Cada c\u00e9lula de nuestro cuerpo puede contener muchos tipos de receptores. Estos receptores son prote\u00ednas, normalmente en la superficie de la c\u00e9lula, que buscan unirse a otra mol\u00e9cula muy espec\u00edfica. Juntas, estas parejas cumplen muchos tipos diferentes de funciones en el organismo, especialmente en el sistema inmunitario. El principal correceptor de HER2 es el receptor del factor de crecimiento epid\u00e9rmico (EGFR, tambi\u00e9n conocido como HER1), una prote\u00edna que se cree que interviene en el crecimiento normal de las c\u00e9lulas. Piense en esto como si fuera un proceso de autenticaci\u00f3n en dos pasos cuando inicia sesi\u00f3n en un sitio web. Tiene que seguir los dos pasos correctamente para \"entrar\" en el sitio. Las c\u00e9lulas cancerosas que tienen tanto HER2\u00a0y<\/em>\u00a0EGFR<\/a> son muy sensibles al factor de crecimiento epid\u00e9rmico (EGF), lo que puede provocar un crecimiento descontrolado de las c\u00e9lulas cancerosas.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Para m\u00ed, la primera pista de que los anticonceptivos podr\u00edan desempe\u00f1ar un papel en las dolencias cut\u00e1neas lleg\u00f3 cuando le\u00ed que cient\u00edficos de la Universidad de Colorado hab\u00edan descubierto recientemente que la presencia de estr\u00f3genos puede estimular a los astrocitos del cerebro para que produzcan EGF. (3)<\/span><\/p>\n

Con toda esta terminolog\u00eda \"epid\u00e9rmica\" y la conexi\u00f3n con el estr\u00f3geno, no pude evitar preguntarme qu\u00e9 efecto podr\u00edan tener los anticonceptivos hormonales en la piel. No hizo falta indagar mucho para descubrir que los anticonceptivos hormonales suelen estar relacionados con problemas como el acn\u00e9, la hiperpigmentaci\u00f3n y la dermatitis at\u00f3pica. <\/span>melasma<\/span><\/a> (4), pero me sorprendi\u00f3 saber que tambi\u00e9n se han relacionado con el c\u00e1ncer de piel. Honestamente, dado que los receptores de estr\u00f3geno se pueden encontrar en casi todas las c\u00e9lulas del cuerpo, no estoy segura de por qu\u00e9 me sorprendi\u00f3; pero este es un efecto secundario anticonceptivo que definitivamente vol\u00f3 por debajo de mi radar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Conexiones entre los anticonceptivos hormonales y la salud de la piel<\/h2>\n

En 1978, la <\/span>New York Times <\/span><\/i>inform\u00f3<\/span><\/a> sobre un estudio de diez a\u00f1os de casi 18.000 pacientes, en el que se descubri\u00f3 que las mujeres que tomaban anticonceptivos durante m\u00e1s de cuatro a\u00f1os corr\u00edan casi el doble de riesgo de desarrollar un melanoma maligno.<\/span><\/p>\n

Un estudio de seguimiento realizado por la Universidad de Oxford en 1981 demostr\u00f3 que los riesgos no eran significativos a corto plazo. Sin embargo, tras cinco a\u00f1os de consumo, el aumento del riesgo relativo ascendi\u00f3 a casi 60% (5).<\/span><\/p>\n

Un estudio de 1999 demostr\u00f3 que las mujeres premenop\u00e1usicas que tomaban anticonceptivos hormonales ten\u00edan casi tres veces y media m\u00e1s probabilidades de desarrollar melanoma (6), mientras que un estudio franc\u00e9s de 2018 demostr\u00f3 que el aumento del riesgo para las usuarias durante diez a\u00f1os era de solo 33%. (7)<\/span><\/p>\n

Aunque los estudios arrojan cifras dispares, todos muestran un aumento del riesgo<\/h2>\n

Evidentemente, los resultados son contradictorios y existe un gran debate en la comunidad cient\u00edfica sobre la importancia del efecto de los anticonceptivos en el c\u00e1ncer de piel. Pero, tanto si el aumento del riesgo es de 33% como de 350%, los estudios parecen unificados en se\u00f1alar que el riesgo de una mujer aumenta cuanto m\u00e1s tiempo toma anticonceptivos.<\/span><\/p>\n

Otro reciente esc\u00e1ndalo sanitario que ha saltado a los titulares puede ofrecer una idea de c\u00f3mo los anticonceptivos podr\u00edan contribuir a este mayor riesgo. Cuando los cient\u00edficos cuestionaron recientemente si algunos ingredientes de los protectores solares podr\u00edan estar causando c\u00e1ncer, una de sus preocupaciones fue que la mayor\u00eda de las marcas contienen parabenos y ftalatos, que, al igual que los anticonceptivos hormonales, est\u00e1n <\/span>disruptores endocrinos conocidos<\/span><\/a>. Los alteradores endocrinos son sustancias qu\u00edmicas estrog\u00e9nicas que imitan a las hormonas naturales (en este caso, los estr\u00f3genos) uni\u00e9ndose a los receptores de las c\u00e9lulas y, por tanto, impidiendo que los estr\u00f3genos naturales del organismo se unan a esas mismas c\u00e9lulas.<\/span><\/p>\n

En su esclarecedor libro, <\/span>Generaci\u00f3n de estr\u00f3genos<\/span><\/i>El doctor Anthony G. Jay explica c\u00f3mo la luz ultravioleta del sol puede fusionar los disruptores con los receptores de estr\u00f3genos. Jay afirma: \"Si o cuando se produce esta reacci\u00f3n qu\u00edmica, el receptor de estr\u00f3genos quedar\u00eda atrapado en la posici\u00f3n de 'encendido'. Los bioqu\u00edmicos lo llaman 'receptor constitutivamente activo'\".<\/span><\/p>\n

Tener este \"interruptor de la luz\" atascado en la posici\u00f3n \"on\" provoca da\u00f1os a largo plazo porque el interruptor receptor est\u00e1 encendido durante mucho m\u00e1s tiempo del que la naturaleza pretend\u00eda para nuestros cuerpos. (8)<\/span><\/p>\n

Un ataque doble<\/h2>\n

Teniendo en cuenta toda esta investigaci\u00f3n, he llegado a considerar la relaci\u00f3n entre el control hormonal de la natalidad y la salud de la piel como la de un inquilino desordenado en un edificio de apartamentos, que deja las luces encendidas para evitar los da\u00f1os de los rayos UV y amontona su ropa sucia en forma de factor de crecimiento epid\u00e9rmico sobreproducido. Este comportamiento desordenado altera dos receptores muy importantes en las c\u00e9lulas de la piel. Teniendo en cuenta el aumento de las tasas de melanoma desde la introducci\u00f3n de la p\u00edldora, puede que haya llegado el momento de limpiar la casa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nota del editor: Este art\u00edculo se actualiz\u00f3 el 31 de enero de 2023 con estad\u00edsticas actuales y para identificar m\u00e1s correctamente la relaci\u00f3n entre HER2 y EGFR.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Referencias<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/melanoma-skin-cancer\/about\/key-statistics.html<\/li>\n
  2. https:\/\/www.aad.org\/media\/stats\/conditions\/skin-cancer<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n
  3. https:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/pub_releases\/2019-03\/uoca-tsw030119.php<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n
  4. https:\/\/www.aad.org\/public\/diseases\/color-problems\/melasma<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n
  5. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2010646\/pdf\/brjcancer00442-0055.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n
  6. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2374297\/<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n
  7. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0398762018308538<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n
  8. Generaci\u00f3n de estr\u00f3genos<\/span><\/i>, Anthony G. Jay (p. 32)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Este a\u00f1o se espera que mueran en Estados Unidos cerca de 8.000 personas de c\u00e1ncer de piel por melanoma,...","protected":false},"author":53,"featured_media":2803,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5183,5260],"tags":[1163,5413],"class_list":{"0":"post-2799","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-birth-control-issues","8":"category-general-health-risks","9":"tag-birth-control-side-effects","10":"tag-cancer","11":"cs-entry","12":"cs-video-wrap"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Surprising Link Between Birth Control and Skin Cancer - Natural Womanhood<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Birth control is commonly linked to skin issues like acne, hyperpigmentation, melasma, and perhaps surprisingly, to skin cancer.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/es\/la-sorprendente-relacion-entre-los-anticonceptivos-y-el-cancer-de-piel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Surprising Link Between Birth Control and Skin Cancer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Devastatingly, this year nearly 8,000 people in the United States are expected to die of melanoma skin cancer\u2014around 4,740 men and 2,490 women, according\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/es\/la-sorprendente-relacion-entre-los-anticonceptivos-y-el-cancer-de-piel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Natural Womanhood\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NaturalWomanhood\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-08-24T16:56:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-05-18T18:15:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/jasper-graetsch-zrob_PRqVys-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1709\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mike Gaskins\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@naturwomanhood\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@naturwomanhood\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mike Gaskins\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/the-surprising-link-between-birth-control-and-skin-cancer\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/the-surprising-link-between-birth-control-and-skin-cancer\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mike Gaskins\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/#\/schema\/person\/47f67146d1f6365478953517464f892e\"},\"headline\":\"The Surprising Link Between Birth Control and Skin Cancer\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-08-24T16:56:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-05-18T18:15:23+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/the-surprising-link-between-birth-control-and-skin-cancer\/\"},\"wordCount\":1126,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/the-surprising-link-between-birth-control-and-skin-cancer\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/jasper-graetsch-zrob_PRqVys-unsplash-scaled.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"birth control side effects\",\"Cancer\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Birth Control Issues\",\"General Health Risks\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/the-surprising-link-between-birth-control-and-skin-cancer\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/the-surprising-link-between-birth-control-and-skin-cancer\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/the-surprising-link-between-birth-control-and-skin-cancer\/\",\"name\":\"The Surprising Link Between Birth Control and Skin Cancer - 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