{"id":22287,"date":"2025-02-20T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-20T14:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/?p=22287"},"modified":"2025-04-28T10:38:16","modified_gmt":"2025-04-28T15:38:16","slug":"papa-salud-preconcepcional","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/es\/dad-preconception-health\/","title":{"rendered":"La salud del padre antes de la concepci\u00f3n afecta a la placenta y, en \u00faltima instancia, al beb\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cuando tienes un nuevo beb\u00e9, la gente no puede evitar <\/em>sino comentar a qui\u00e9n favorece. \u00a1Tiene la nariz de su madre! \u00a1Los ojos de su padre!<\/em> Es hermoso ver un reflejo tanto de mam\u00e1 como de pap\u00e1 en su nueva peque\u00f1a creaci\u00f3n, especialmente cuando esos rasgos se reflejan con fuerza. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La mayor\u00eda de la gente sabe que nuestros genes funcionan por pares; los beb\u00e9s heredan un conjunto de su madre y otro de su padre. Nuestros genes determinan un sinf\u00edn de cosas: nuestra estatura, el color de nuestros ojos, el riesgo de padecer ciertas enfermedades y mucho m\u00e1s. Incluso influyen en nuestras capacidades naturales y personalidades. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sin embargo, lo que puede parecer menos obvio es c\u00f3mo nuestra gen\u00e9tica puede afectar a la creaci\u00f3n del \u00f3rgano que conecta temporalmente a la madre y al beb\u00e9: la placenta. Aunque la placenta contiene ADN tanto de su madre como de su padre, el ADN que m\u00e1s afecta al embri\u00f3n procede en realidad de su padre<\/em>. De hecho, la salud del padre -y la forma en que influye en el papel de sus genes en la formaci\u00f3n de la placenta- tiene algunos efectos secundarios muy importantes en la salud de su descendencia, que analizaremos en este art\u00edculo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3mo los genes de pap\u00e1 construyen la placenta <\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A 2013 estudiar<\/a> de la Universidad de Cornell con caballos, burros y mulas investigado<\/a> la relaci\u00f3n entre la gen\u00e9tica del padre y la placenta. Aunque el estudio no se refer\u00eda a seres humanos, aport\u00f3 datos cruciales sobre el desarrollo y el funcionamiento de la placenta en todos los euterios (mam\u00edferos con placenta), incluidos los humanos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ten en cuenta que la placenta es un \u00f3rgano plano de forma ovalada que nutre al beb\u00e9 en crecimiento con el ox\u00edgeno y los nutrientes de la madre. Cuando el beb\u00e9 est\u00e1 en la fase de blastocisto (muy, muy al principio del desarrollo), empieza a producir la placenta, que contiene ADN tanto de mam\u00e1 como de pap\u00e1. Y mientras el propio material gen\u00e9tico del beb\u00e9 impulsa el desarrollo de la placenta, las hormonas de la madre mantienen el grosor del revestimiento uterino para mantener el embarazo hasta que la placenta empieza a producir estr\u00f3geno y progesterona al final del primer trimestre. La placenta est\u00e1 anclada al \u00fatero de la madre por un lado (conocido como el lado materno) y unida al beb\u00e9 a trav\u00e9s del cord\u00f3n umbilical por el otro (el lado del beb\u00e9). Si has tenido el privilegio de ver un parto en persona, sabr\u00e1s que la placenta se parece mucho a un \"\u00e1rbol de la vida\" con todos los vasos sangu\u00edneos que contiene. La placenta, un \u00f3rgano temporal, tendr\u00e1 aproximadamente el tama\u00f1o de un plato de comida en el momento del parto y (en caso de parto vaginal) ser\u00e1 expulsada por el cuerpo de la madre poco despu\u00e9s de que nazca el beb\u00e9.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adem\u00e1s -y el hecho de la placenta m\u00e1s pertinente para el tema de este art\u00edculo- el mencionado estudio de Cornell de 2013 hizo el fascinante descubrimiento de que la copia paterna (es decir, la de pap\u00e1) de los genes se ve favorecida en la placenta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En el interior de la placenta, los genes de la madre y el padre influyen en el crecimiento del feto. <\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

No s\u00f3lo los genes de pap\u00e1 construyen la placenta, sino que tambi\u00e9n tambi\u00e9n<\/em> afectan al modo en que la placenta se comunica hormonalmente tanto con la madre como con el beb\u00e9. A 2022 estudiar<\/a> de la Universidad de Cambridge descubrieron que uno de los genes que los padres aportan a la placenta se llama Igf2. Igf2 es conocido como un \"gen codicioso<\/a>en el sentido de que se comunica con el cuerpo de la madre para que aporte m\u00e1s nutrientes al feto durante el embarazo. \"Aunque el embarazo es en gran medida cooperativo, existe un gran campo de conflicto potencial entre la madre y el beb\u00e9, y se cree que los genes impresos y la placenta desempe\u00f1an papeles clave\", afirma Miguel Constancia, investigador y coautor del estudio. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A saber, mientras el gen Igf2 paterno aumenta la cantidad de nutrientes que llegan al feto a trav\u00e9s de la placenta, otro gen del lado materno, el Igf2 paterno, aumenta la cantidad de nutrientes que llegan al feto a trav\u00e9s de la placenta. pisa el freno<\/a>. La versi\u00f3n materna del gen, llamada Igf2r (la \"r\" significa receptor), asegura que no demasiado <\/em>La madre es la responsable de la nutrici\u00f3n del beb\u00e9 (lo que le har\u00eda demasiado grande para el embarazo y el parto). Idealmente, esta interacci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica crea una situaci\u00f3n \"Ricitos de oro\", en la que los genes del padre garantizan que el beb\u00e9 sea lo suficientemente grande para sobrevivir, pero los genes de la madre garantizan que el beb\u00e9 sea lo suficientemente peque\u00f1o para nacer con seguridad.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comprender el retraso del crecimiento intrauterino y el s\u00edndrome de Russell-Silver<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Una mejor comprensi\u00f3n de esta interacci\u00f3n podr\u00eda permitir conocer mejor las situaciones en las que algo va mal con estos genes. Por ejemplo, los fetos pueden crecimiento restringido<\/a> si existen mutaciones gen\u00e9ticas en las que el gen paterno Igf2 no est\u00e1 presente. Esta es una explicaci\u00f3n para un raro trastorno gen\u00e9tico llamado S\u00edndrome de Russell-Silver<\/a>que comienza con la restricci\u00f3n del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) en el embarazo y contin\u00faa con efectos f\u00edsicos de por vida derivados de la falta de crecimiento adecuado en el \u00fatero.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Otras formas en que la salud del padre influye en la salud de su hijo<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Aunque un padre no puede controlar per se sus genes, la emergente ciencia de la epigen\u00e9tica indica que un salud f\u00edsica del padre<\/a> tambi\u00e9n desempe\u00f1a un papel crucial en la determinaci\u00f3n de los resultados sanitarios de su hijo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

El intestino del pap\u00e1 y la salud del beb\u00e9<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Por ejemplo, algunos investigaci\u00f3n<\/a> sugiere que el microbioma intestinal del padre puede determinar el crecimiento adecuado de su hijo y <\/em>la salud del embarazo de la madre, a trav\u00e9s de los efectos derivados en la placenta. Los hijos de padres con mala salud intestinal pueden tener problemas de salud debido a una placenta no \u00f3ptima en el \u00fatero. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00edndrome metab\u00f3lico y parto prematuro <\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Adem\u00e1s, en un 2021 estudiar<\/a>los investigadores descubrieron que los ni\u00f1os nacidos de padres que hab\u00edan s\u00edndrome metab\u00f3lico<\/a> (que se asocia a afecciones como la diabetes y las enfermedades cardiacas) ten\u00edan 19% m\u00e1s probabilidades de nacer prematuros, 23% m\u00e1s probabilidades de tener bajo peso al nacer y 28% m\u00e1s probabilidades de necesitar permanecer en la UCIN tras el nacimiento. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buenas noticias sobre la salud antes de <\/em>concebir <\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La investigaci\u00f3n antes mencionada que relaciona la salud preconcepcional de los padres con los resultados de la salud infantil coincide con la investigaci\u00f3n citada por Alimentos reales para la fertilidad<\/em><\/a> <\/em>Lily Nichols y Lisa Hendrickson-Jack, que afirman que la mala calidad del esperma puede corregirse con una dieta y un estilo de vida m\u00e1s sanos, mejorando as\u00ed las posibilidades de concebir. y <\/em>resultados del embarazo despu\u00e9s de concebir. Tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1 en consonancia con otras investigaciones que han descubierto que la salud paterna influye en el desarrollo de la placenta. el semen del padre puede influir en el riesgo de preeclampsia de la madre<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Las mismas modificaciones de la dieta y el estilo de vida que se recomiendan para mejorar la salud de las futuras mam\u00e1s tambi\u00e9n son aplicables en general a los futuros pap\u00e1s. Reducir el consumo de alcohol, dejar de fumar, hacer ejercicio de intensidad moderada al menos 30 minutos 5 veces a la semana y aumentar la ingesta de fruta y verdura a un m\u00ednimo de cinco raciones al d\u00eda son buenos puntos de partida b\u00e1sicos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En resumen: La salud del padre antes de la concepci\u00f3n es tan importante como la de la madre para la salud del beb\u00e9.<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Investigaciones recientes sobre el impacto de la gen\u00e9tica paterna en el embarazo y el crecimiento de los hijos han arrojado luz sobre posibles explicaciones de ciertos defectos cong\u00e9nitos o restricciones del crecimiento, y han subrayado el importante papel que desempe\u00f1an la salud preconcepcional y la gen\u00e9tica del padre en la salud de sus futuros hijos. Sin duda, ambos<\/em> Mam\u00e1 y pap\u00e1 son fundamentales para ayudar a sus hijos a estar lo m\u00e1s sanos posible antes (y despu\u00e9s) del parto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esta informaci\u00f3n deber\u00eda animar a los futuros padres a tomarse en serio su propia salud, ya que es crucial para sentar las bases de la vida de sus hijos. En los pr\u00f3ximos a\u00f1os, nuevas investigaciones sobre la placenta podr\u00edan subrayar a\u00fan m\u00e1s el importante papel que desempe\u00f1an la salud y la gen\u00e9tica del padre en la formaci\u00f3n de una placenta sana, lo que repercutir\u00e1 en la salud de sus hijos mucho antes de que los conozca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este art\u00edculo se actualiz\u00f3 el 22 de febrero de 2025 para reflejar que la placenta es creada por el reci\u00e9n concebido, no por la madre, y contiene ADN tanto materno como paterno. <\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"El tira y afloja de los genes maternos y 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