{"id":17867,"date":"2023-08-10T12:29:51","date_gmt":"2023-08-10T17:29:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/?p=17867"},"modified":"2024-09-18T10:59:44","modified_gmt":"2024-09-18T15:59:44","slug":"cancer-de-vagina-cuales-son-sus-causas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/es\/vaginal-cancer-what-causes-it-and-could-you-be-at-risk\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ncer de vagina: \u00bfQu\u00e9 lo provoca y puede usted estar en riesgo de padecerlo?\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>For most people in the United States, cancer is a common experience, either through personal diagnosis or that of a loved one. As of January 2019, approximately 1 in 20 Americans was a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/understanding\/statistics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cancer survivor<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/health-benefits-of-pregnancy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">I have written before<\/a> about other cancers specific to women, such as endometrial and breast cancers, and natural ways to prevent them. Here, I want to focus on a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/vaginal-cancer\">rare<\/a> but very serious type of reproductive cancer: vaginal cancer. Every woman deserves to know whether she is personally at risk for developing vaginal cancer, its symptoms and survival rate, and how to treat it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-vaginal-cancer\"><span id=\"what-is-vaginal-cancer\">What is vaginal cancer?&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vaginal cancer, loosely defined, occurs when malignant cells form in the vagina. Together with vulvar cancer\u2013which is cancer of the external, visible parts of a woman\u2019s genital organs\u2013vaginal cancer accounts for <em>less than seven percent<\/em> of all reproductive cancers diagnosed in women in the United States. For reference, 100,000 women total in the U.S. are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yalemedicine.org\/conditions\/gynecological-cancers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">diagnosed<\/a> with reproductive cancer\u2014cervical, uterine\/endometrial, ovarian, vaginal <em>or<\/em> vulvar cancer\u2014each year.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vaginal cancer is typically <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sgo.org\/patient-resources\/vaginal-cancer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">secondary<\/a> to another form of cancer. This means it develops from another cancer in a woman\u2019s body. Usually that other cancer is also a reproductive cancer, such as cervical or uterine cancer. In rare cases, vaginal cancer is the primary cancer. This means a woman will <em>only<\/em> develop vaginal cancer, without first developing another kind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-most-frequent-types-of-vaginal-cancer\"><span id=\"the-most-frequent-types-of-vaginal-cancer\">The most frequent types of vaginal cancer<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>While there can be many variations of vaginal cancer, two types occur most frequently. Squamous cell carcinoma forms in layers of cells lining the vagina, similar to skin cancer. According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/types\/vaginal\/patient\/vaginal-treatment-pdq#:~:text=Squamous%20cell%20carcinoma%3A%20Cancer%20that,common%20type%20of%20vaginal%20cancer.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">National Cancer Institute<\/a>, \u201csquamous cell vaginal cancer spreads slowly and usually stays near the vagina, but may spread to the lungs, liver, or bone. This is the most common type of vaginal cancer.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adenocarcinoma is the second most common type of vaginal cancer. Adenocarcinoma is a glandular cancer that is more likely to spread to the lymph nodes, and from there to the rest of the body.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-vaginal-cancer-symptoms-and-diagnosis\"><span id=\"vaginal-cancer-symptoms-and-diagnosis\">Vaginal cancer symptoms and diagnosis&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The most common symptoms of vaginal cancer are: pain during sex, bleeding that is not due to menstruation, pain during urination, pain in the pelvic area, constipation, or even a mass or lump in the vagina that can be felt.&nbsp;However, this symptom list is not entirely unique. Other reproductive conditions share some of these same symptoms. That\u2019s why it\u2019s important to see your healthcare provider if you start to experience one or more of them.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Your healthcare provider may order the following exams or tests to determine what\u2019s causing your symptoms and potentially diagnose vaginal cancer:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Pelvic exam: <\/em>The doctor will use both a speculum and his or her hands to look and feel for any abnormalities of the cervix, vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and rectum.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Colposcopy:<\/em> Examination of the cervix and vagina under a lighted microscope (colposcope), followed by biopsies of abnormal tissue.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Pap smear:<\/em> Cells of the vagina and cervix are collected so as to determine if they are cancerous, can lead to cancer, or have infections or inflammation.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Human papillomavirus (HPV) test:<\/em> Similar to (or as a result of) a pap smear, this test examines the DNA and RNA of cells collected from the vagina and cervix to see if a certain strain of HPV linked to cervical cancer is causing infection.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>CT\/CAT scan or MRI<\/em>: A computed tomography (CT) scan gives a series of images of bones, fat, muscles, organs, and tissues which are much more detailed than a simple X-ray, and hence can be used to identify the presence of cancer cells. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses magnets and radio frequencies to give similarly detailed images.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-survival-rates\"><span id=\"survival-rates\">Survival rates<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cancer survival rates are estimates of how likely a particular type of cancer is to kill a person within a certain time frame, usually within five years. These estimates are influenced by things like age, other medical history, how well the cancer responds to treatment, etc. According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/vaginal-cancer-prognosis#survival-rates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Medical News Today<\/a>, how much the cancer has spread drives survival rates.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If located only in the vagina, the survival rate for vaginal cancer is 69%. This means that of 100 women with vaginal cancer, 69 will still be alive five years after diagnosis. (Note that this excludes deaths from other causes unrelated to vaginal cancer.) If the cancer has spread to surrounding lymph nodes or body structures, the 5-year survival rate decreases to 57%, and it decreases dramatically if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs or liver\u2014down to 26%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-who-is-at-risk-of-developing-vaginal-cancer\"><span id=\"who-is-at-risk-of-developing-vaginal-cancer\">Who is at risk of developing vaginal cancer?&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Risk factors for vaginal cancer are many. Smoking is a risk factor, as with many other cancers. Adenocarcinoma, which is the more rare type of vaginal cancer occurring in the glands of the vagina, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/publications\/dictionaries\/cancer-terms\/def\/diethylstilbestrol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">has been linked in certain cases to exposure to Diethylstilbestrol (DES).<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-diethylstilbestrol-des\"><span id=\"diethylstilbestrol-des\">Diethylstilbestrol (DES)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>DES is a synthetic form of estrogen that was given to some pregnant women between 1940 and 1971 because it was thought at the time to prevent miscarriage. Those women\u2019s unborn daughters who were exposed to DES were found in subsequent years to develop clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina. Worse, DES exposure had wider-ranging generational effects than at first thought. <a href=\"https:\/\/embryo.asu.edu\/pages\/diethylstilbestrol-des-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Even the granddaughters of women prescribed DES<\/a> showed an increased chance of developing not only vaginal cancer, but also cervical and breast cancer.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-age\"><span id=\"age\">Age<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Another large risk factor in developing vaginal cancer is age. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/vaginal-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Almost half of all cases occur in women over seventy years old,<\/a> and most often, vaginal cancer is found in menopausal women.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-other-reproductive-issues-or-stis\"><span id=\"other-reproductive-issues-or-stis\">Other reproductive issues or STIs<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A history of other reproductive or sexual illnesses\u2013such as cervical cancer, HIV or HPV, and vaginal adenosis (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/medicine-and-dentistry\/vagina-adenosis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">which is commonly associated with DES exposure<\/a>)\u2013also increases vaginal cancer risk.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Interestingly enough, because of the association between HPV infection and vaginal cancer, <a href=\"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijgo.13867\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the dramatic rise of HPV infections in young women has led to an increase of<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijgo.13867\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>primary<\/em> vaginal cancer cases in young women [1].<\/a> Remember that primary vaginal cancer, or cancer found <em>only<\/em> in the vagina, is typically less likely than secondary vaginal cancer. This increase in primary vaginal cancer diagnoses has occurred especially in countries with a high rate of HIV.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-vaginal-cancer-treatment\"><span id=\"vaginal-cancer-treatment\">Vaginal cancer treatment<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Like other cancers, vaginal cancer has three main treatment options: surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-surgery\"><span id=\"surgery\">Surgery<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Surgery for vaginal cancer could involve the removal of a small tumor and some healthy tissue surrounding it (wide local excision), removal of all or part of the vagina itself (vaginectomy), or <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/signs-you-need-a-hysterectomy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">total hysterectomy<\/a>, in which the uterus and cervix are removed.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-radiation-therapy\"><span id=\"radiation-therapy\">Radiation therapy<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Radiation therapy uses X-rays with high energy, either externally or internally, to kill cancer cells.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-chemotherapy\"><span id=\"chemotherapy\">Chemotherapy<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells or stop them by dividing. Typically, this is given orally or by injection, but for vaginal cancer, and particularly squamous carcinoma, topical therapy in the form of cream or lotion may be applied.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-can-you-prevent-vaginal-cancer\"><span id=\"how-can-you-prevent-vaginal-cancer\">How can you prevent vaginal cancer?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Prevention of vaginal cancer looks the same as prevention of any other cancer: avoid toxins, eat healthy, exercise, and generally live a healthy lifestyle. However, because of the connection between HIV\/HPV infections and vaginal cancer, being vaccinated against HPV <a href=\"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijgo.13867\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">is increasingly encouraged as a preventative<\/a> measure against vaginal and\/or cervical cancer [1].&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-should-doctors-be-prescribing-monogamy-to-prevent-vaginal-cancer\"><span id=\"should-doctors-be-prescribing-monogamy-to-prevent-vaginal-cancer\">Should doctors be \u201cprescribing\u201d monogamy to prevent vaginal cancer?&nbsp;<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>But there is another preventative measure against vaginal cancer that will<em> not<\/em> usually be mentioned on most health information websites. According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/fact-sheet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">UNAIDS<\/a>: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cIn 2021, key populations (sex workers and their clients, gay men and other men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, transgender people) and their sexual partners accounted for 70% of HIV infections globally.\u201d <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Most people would agree that drug use should be avoided and thus, HIV (and possible vaginal infection) would also be avoided. It might not be as obvious at first that keeping sex within the bonds of marriage between one man and one woman could also have global impact.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And yet, the numbers are there: setting aside the men, of course (who are not at risk for vaginal cancer), HIV infections, and subsequent vaginal cancer risk, could be drastically reduced if <a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/green-your-sex-life-for-the-environment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">emphasis was given to healthy monogamous sexual relationships<\/a>, rather than just getting a vaccine and continuing to make poor lifestyle choices. One could liken it to a diabetic who takes a shot of insulin only to eat a bag of candy at the next meal. The injected hormone might do the trick, but the diabetic is not healthier, only less ill.&nbsp; Similarly, an HPV vaccine can, technically, prevent vaginal cancer because it can prevent HPV. But is a woman living out her full potential for good health simply because she is vaccinated, if she continues to engage in risky sexual practices?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-expanding-the-conversation-on-vaginal-cancer-prevention\"><span id=\"expanding-the-conversation-on-vaginal-cancer-prevention\">Expanding the conversation on vaginal cancer prevention<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Understandably, most cancer doctors (and cancer patients) are largely focused on treatment of the sickness that is wreaking immediate havoc on their patients\u2019 bodies\u2013the scope of their vision is more narrow. But perhaps this is an area where our medical community at large has failed us. We want to kick cancer to the curb, but are we doing so with invasive treatments or innovative lifestyle changes? Is our vision of health one of constant alarmism\u2013take the Pill so you don\u2019t get pregnant, get vaccinated so you don\u2019t get sick, cover up with a condom so you don\u2019t get the disease, wear gloves so you don\u2019t get germs\u2013or is it one of true human flourishing? If we could step back for a minute and consider, we might discover a different and better answer than what we first set out to find\u2013and keep our bodies (including for those of us females, our vaginas!) and ourselves healthier in the process.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>References:<\/p>\n\n\n\n[1] Adams, Tracey S et al. \u201cCancer of the vagina: 2021 update.\u201d <em>International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics<\/em> vol. 155 Suppl 1,Suppl 1 (2021): 19-27. doi:10.1002\/ijgo.13867<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additional Reading:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/health-benefits-of-pregnancy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The surprising health benefits of pregnancy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/study-links-hormonal-birth-control-to-increased-risk-of-breast-cancer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Study links hormonal birth control to increased risk of breast cancer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/birth-control-abortion-and-breast-cancer-risk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How birth control, pregnancy, and abortion each impact a woman\u2019s breast cancer risk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/risk-of-hiv-transmission-depo-provera-birth-control-shot\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">HIV Transmission &amp; Depo-Provera, the Birth Control Shot<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Para la mayor\u00eda de los habitantes de Estados Unidos, el c\u00e1ncer es una experiencia com\u00fan, ya sea por diagn\u00f3stico personal o...","protected":false},"author":100,"featured_media":17868,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5392,5177],"tags":[5413,5433,6351,5665],"class_list":{"0":"post-17867","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-fitness-and-nutrition","8":"category-know-your-body","9":"tag-cancer","10":"tag-fitness-and-nutrition","11":"tag-vaginal-cancer","12":"tag-vaginal-health","13":"cs-entry","14":"cs-video-wrap"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Vaginal cancer: What causes it, and could you be at risk?\u00a0 - Natural Womanhood<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Everything you&#039;ve ever needed to know about vaginal cancer, from symptoms, types, treatments, survival rates, and the link to HPV and HIV.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/es\/cancer-de-vagina-cuales-son-sus-causas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vaginal cancer: What causes it, and could you be at risk?\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"For most people in the United States, cancer is a common experience, either through personal diagnosis or that of a loved one. 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