{"id":13846,"date":"2022-01-08T16:19:01","date_gmt":"2022-01-08T22:19:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/?p=13846"},"modified":"2024-05-26T17:19:23","modified_gmt":"2024-05-26T22:19:23","slug":"que-significa-una-baja-reserva-ovarica-para-su-fertilidad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/naturalwomanhood.org\/es\/what-low-ovarian-reserve-means-for-your-fertility\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfTe han dicho que tienes \"baja reserva ov\u00e1rica\"? Qu\u00e9 significa eso para su fertilidad"},"content":{"rendered":"

En los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, las mujeres que buscan conocer su fertilidad han recurrido cada vez m\u00e1s a herramientas de diagn\u00f3stico promocionadas como \"marcadores potenciales del potencial reproductivo\".<\/a> En otras palabras, muchas mujeres desean conocer sus probabilidades de concebir, tanto ahora como en el futuro. Entre las pruebas de laboratorio disponibles destaca la relacionada con la reserva ov\u00e1rica, que se refiere al n\u00famero y la calidad de los \u00f3vulos inmaduros de una mujer. Cuando a una mujer se le dice que tiene una reserva ov\u00e1rica baja, la suposici\u00f3n predominante ha sido que tiene menos posibilidades de concebir. Pero esta informaci\u00f3n puede ser enga\u00f1osa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un 2017 influyente estudiar<\/a> publicado en la prestigiosa Revista de la Asociaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica Americana<\/em> (JAMA<\/em>) no muestra pruebas de que las mujeres con biomarcadores que sugieren una disminuci\u00f3n de la reserva ov\u00e1rica tengan necesariamente menos posibilidades de lograr un embarazo. Los autores se\u00f1alan que al menos otros tres ensayos de investigaci\u00f3n tampoco hallaron ninguna asociaci\u00f3n entre la disminuci\u00f3n de la reserva ov\u00e1rica y la fertilidad en mujeres que intentan concebir de forma natural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teniendo en cuenta los resultados de estos estudios, es posible que se pregunte qu\u00e9 significa una reserva ov\u00e1rica baja para su fertilidad. A continuaci\u00f3n, vamos a profundizar en el 2017 JAMA<\/em> y mostrar c\u00f3mo las pruebas de laboratorio de reserva ov\u00e1rica se comparan con los M\u00e9todos de Conocimiento de la Fertilidad (FAM) como indicador de la fertilidad general y el potencial reproductivo de una persona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la \"baja reserva ov\u00e1rica\"?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La reserva ov\u00e1rica se refiere al n\u00famero de \u00f3vulos inmaduros (ovocitos) disponibles para la ovulaci\u00f3n. Durante un ciclo menstrual t\u00edpico, un ovocito se convierte en un \u00f3vulo maduro y se libera del ovario a la trompa de Falopio, posibilitando as\u00ed la concepci\u00f3n. Baja reserva ov\u00e1rica<\/a> (a veces denominada reserva ov\u00e1rica \"disminuida\") indica que la poblaci\u00f3n de ovocitos ha disminuido significativamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sin embargo, no hay consenso sobre el n\u00famero medio de \u00f3vulos que sit\u00faa a una persona en el grupo de \"baja reserva ov\u00e1rica\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De hecho, la propia enfermedad no se define por el n\u00famero real de \u00f3vulos, sino por una medida de los niveles hormonales. Pruebas de reserva ov\u00e1rica mide<\/a> los niveles de las hormonas proteicas inhibina B y AMH, que son producidas por el fol\u00edculo (saco lleno de l\u00edquido) que rodea a cada \u00f3vulo. A medida que disminuye la cantidad de \u00f3vulos, tambi\u00e9n lo hacen los niveles de inhibina B y AMH. Por lo tanto, los m\u00e9dicos juzgan el n\u00famero y la calidad de los \u00f3vulos presentes en los ovarios de una mujer midiendo estos niveles hormonales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aunque las mujeres de todas las edades pueden tener una reserva ov\u00e1rica baja, el envejecimiento normal tambi\u00e9n supone una disminuci\u00f3n significativa de los \u00f3vulos inmaduros disponibles. En 20 semanas de gestaci\u00f3n<\/a>Por ejemplo, el feto femenino suele tener entre 6 y 7 millones de ovocitos, mientras que el n\u00famero disminuye a 1-2 millones al nacer y a 300.000-500.000 en la pubertad. A los 37 a\u00f1os, el n\u00famero de ovocitos suele haber disminuido a 25.000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 las mujeres solicitan pruebas de reserva ov\u00e1rica?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Las pruebas de reserva ov\u00e1rica se utilizan para predecir el potencial reproductivo de una persona, ya que los m\u00e9dicos suponen que cuantos m\u00e1s \u00f3vulos est\u00e9n disponibles para la ovulaci\u00f3n en cada ciclo, mayores ser\u00e1n las posibilidades de conseguir un embarazo de forma natural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esta pregunta preocupa mucho a las mujeres j\u00f3venes y a las solteras que retrasan su embarazo y est\u00e1n especialmente deseosas de conocer el estado de su reserva ov\u00e1rica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un estudio de poblaci\u00f3n realizado en Dubl\u00edn (Irlanda) revel\u00f3 que 65% de las mujeres encuestadas estaban interesadas en someterse a una prueba de reserva ov\u00e1rica, y que 76% de las mujeres menores de 30 a\u00f1os y 74% de las mujeres solteras encuestadas manifestaron su inter\u00e9s por la prueba. Para estas mujeres, el conocimiento de su \"potencial reproductivo\" puede ofrecerles la tranquilidad de saber que podr\u00e1n concebir m\u00e1s adelante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El otro grupo que solicita estas pruebas est\u00e1 formado por mujeres con problemas de fertilidad. De hecho, las pruebas de reserva ov\u00e1rica se realizan de forma rutinaria. recomendado<\/a> a las mujeres que se someten a FIV para ayudarlas a determinar el posible \u00e9xito de la transferencia de embriones con sus \u00f3vulos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfEs la reserva ov\u00e1rica baja un factor fiable de disminuci\u00f3n de la fertilidad?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

En 2017, un equipo de investigaci\u00f3n dirigido por la Dra. Anne Z. Steiner, ginec\u00f3loga y obstetra de Duke, se propuso determinar si los marcadores de reserva ov\u00e1rica son realmente predictores del potencial reproductivo. Los resultados no mostraron lo que la mayor\u00eda podr\u00eda haber esperado.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

El estudio reclutado<\/a> 750 mujeres de entre 30 y 44 a\u00f1os con el fin de probar la hip\u00f3tesis de que la disminuci\u00f3n de la reserva ov\u00e1rica est\u00e1 asociada a la infertilidad entre las mujeres en edad reproductiva tard\u00eda. Las participantes llevaban menos de tres meses intentando concebir y conviv\u00edan con un hombre. El estudio excluy\u00f3 a las mujeres con patolog\u00edas de infertilidad conocidas, a las que utilizaban tratamientos de fertilidad y a las que ten\u00edan una pareja masculina con infertilidad previa. En el estudio, la reserva ov\u00e1rica baja se defini\u00f3 como un valor de HAM inferior a 0,7ng\/mL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El estudio descubri\u00f3 que las mujeres con un nivel m\u00e1s bajo de HAM, un nivel que sugiere una disminuci\u00f3n de la reserva ov\u00e1rica, no ten\u00edan una menor probabilidad de concebir en el ciclo seis o doce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En otras palabras, no hubo diferencias estad\u00edsticamente significativas en la probabilidad de concepci\u00f3n entre las mujeres con baja reserva ov\u00e1rica y las mujeres con valores normales de AMH e inhibina B. Esto se aplicaba tanto a la cohorte m\u00e1s joven (30-35 a\u00f1os) como a la de mayor edad (36-44 a\u00f1os). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al analizar el estudio y su mayor aplicabilidad, la Dra. Tara Kuhn se\u00f1ala en un art\u00edculo<\/a> para HECHOS que \"hay que tener cuidado al interpretar y aplicar los resultados de un ensayo a una paciente individual\". Uno de los principales problemas de utilizar las pruebas de reserva ov\u00e1rica como \u00fanico predictor de la fertilidad general de una persona es que no tienen en cuenta las causas profundas de la afecci\u00f3n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Una serie de factores subyacentes<\/a> Adem\u00e1s de la edad, la endometriosis, las infecciones p\u00e9lvicas, la cirug\u00eda ov\u00e1rica previa, los trastornos autoinmunitarios y otros trastornos gen\u00e9ticos pueden provocar una disminuci\u00f3n de la reserva ov\u00e1rica. Cada uno de estos factores subyacentes puede afectar a la fertilidad de una persona de un modo que las pruebas de laboratorio por s\u00ed solas no pueden detectar. El estudio no es suficiente para eliminar cualquier correlaci\u00f3n entre la reserva ov\u00e1rica y el potencial reproductivo de una mujer, pero reduce la influencia de este factor predictivo y no debe ser el principal impulsor de las decisiones de tratamiento de fertilidad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los resultados del estudio son una indicaci\u00f3n convincente de que, en mujeres en edad reproductiva avanzada sin patolog\u00edas de infertilidad conocidas, los biomarcadores de baja reserva ov\u00e1rica por s\u00ed solos no se correlacionan con una disminuci\u00f3n de la fertilidad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Otras herramientas disponibles para ayudar a las mujeres a comprender su fertilidad<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Si las pruebas de reserva ov\u00e1rica por s\u00ed solas no bastan para ayudar a las mujeres a conocer su fertilidad, \u00bfqu\u00e9 otras opciones existen? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mientras que las pruebas de reserva ov\u00e1rica se basan en el an\u00e1lisis de uno o dos biomarcadores, m\u00e9todos de conocimiento de la fertilidad (FAM)<\/a> consisten en registrar signos biol\u00f3gicos observables a lo largo del ciclo menstrual. Los signos que se registran var\u00edan en funci\u00f3n del m\u00e9todo elegido, y pueden incluir observaciones del moco cervical<\/a>, control de la temperatura corporal basal<\/a>o comprobar los niveles hormonales en orina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De hecho, cuando la interpreta un profesional m\u00e9dico cualificado, tu gr\u00e1fica \u00fanica puede ofrecerte informaci\u00f3n sobre las hormonas de tu cuerpo y tu salud en general. Por un lado, sabr\u00e1s si ovulas con regularidad. Por ejemplo, si la fase folicular (la primera fase del ciclo menstrual) es larga o irregular, puede indicar que un desequilibrio hormonal u otro factor subyacente est\u00e1 afectando a la salud de tus \u00f3vulos y dificultando la ovulaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Una vez que haya trabajado con un profesional m\u00e9dico para interpretar su historial, tambi\u00e9n podr\u00e1 buscar tratamiento<\/a> para detectar cualquier amenaza para su fertilidad. En conjunto, la informaci\u00f3n registrada en su historial puede ofrecer una imagen mucho m\u00e1s completa de su salud reproductiva que las pruebas de reserva ov\u00e1rica por s\u00ed solas. Para obtener m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre los m\u00e9todos disponibles y los recursos para aprenderlos, consulte Gu\u00eda de la mujer natural<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lecturas complementarias<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La ovulaci\u00f3n: El acontecimiento principal del ciclo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfPuede forzar la ovulaci\u00f3n?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Historias de FIV y Medicina Reproductiva Restaurativa: Qu\u00e9 tienen en com\u00fan y en qu\u00e9 se diferencian<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3mo la medicina reproductiva reparadora ayuda a resolver problemas ginecol\u00f3gicos comunes mejor que los anticonceptivos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El lado oscuro de la industria de la FIV, de una superviviente<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"En los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, las mujeres que buscan conocer su fertilidad han recurrido cada vez m\u00e1s a herramientas de diagn\u00f3stico promocionadas como \"potenciales...","protected":false},"author":87,"featured_media":13882,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5366,5181],"tags":[59,4505,4513],"class_list":{"0":"post-13846","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-hormone-imbalance","8":"category-reproductive-and-menstrual-disorders","9":"tag-infertility","10":"tag-low-ovarian-reserve","11":"tag-ovarian-reserve-testing","12":"cs-entry","13":"cs-video-wrap"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDo You Have "Low Ovarian Reserve?" - Natural Womanhood<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ovarian reserve testing falls short in measuring women's fertility. 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